Sander Koole
@SLKoole
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Editor of Cognition & Emotion | Psychology professor in Amsterdam | Tweets reflect own views
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New paper! Caregivers of cancer survivors have to cope with complicated emotions. Nevertheless, their perspective in regulating own and others' emotions is understudied. In our Opinion article in Frontiers in Psychology, we propose a new framework for interpersonal emotion
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Meta-analysis (25 studies, over 7,000 participants) concludes that trigger warnings make people feel uncomfortable and have no benefits. These findings suggest that trigger warnings should not be used as a mental-health tool.
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@HKBradshaw
Different academic traditions. In some fields, speaking from the top of your head is actually considered disrespectful to the audience.The precise wording of your argument is believed to be what matters.
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As promised, the reading list of the 2023 Amsterdam Summercourse on the psychology of emotion regulation
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What’s the best way to experimentally induce an emotion? This thread covers some of the main options, tradeoffs, and resources.
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Dunning-Kruger is mostly an artifact. Please read up when you are popularizing psychological research.
The Dunning-Kruger Effect
The more you know, the more you know you can learn.
Ignorance breeds confidence and knowledge breeds humility.
Most people spend their whole lives thinking they’re geniuses.
@IAmMarkManson
on the downside of Dunning Kruger:
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1. Are you someone who delays tasks till the last minute? Or do you know someone who does that? We recently reviewed research on trait procrastination in our new chapter in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, to come out in 2023. For a preprint, see
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What’s the best way to measure affect/emotion? It’s less straightforward than you might think… More in this 🧵1/N
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Meta-analysis of 207 studies (total over 20k participants): Enduring personality change can be achieved within weeks by psychological interventions. Effects across clinical & nonclinical groups, strongest for emotional stability and extraversion.
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Soper’s book is very relevant for people interested in terror management theory/existential psychology. It argues -in my view, convincingly- that people are unlike to have a general instinct for self-preservation. The argument is explained in this 🧵
1/N
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Why do people differ in how readily they enact their intentions? We address this question in new chapter in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, to come out in 2023. For a preprint, see . The main points are summarized in this thread.
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Finally got around to it. First few chapters were a bit dry-philosphical. But from chapter 3 there’s more juice for psychologists…
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Meta-analysis of 80 effect sizes (total sample N = 4577) finds no evidence that warmth primes prosociality nor that heat primes aggression.
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Two large-scale diary studies (n = 2022, n = 762) show diffs in negative vs positive feelings when looking back on prior experiences. Positive retrospective affect reflects one’s dispositions; negative retrospective affect reflects actual experiences.
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This is getting uncomfortable: With each improvement in measurement, the effects of psychotherapy for depression are getting smaller and smaller.
Was Eysenck right after all? A reassessment of the effects of psychotherapy for adult depression
"[T]he effects of psychotherapy for depression are small... Unadjusted meta-analyses of psychotherapies overestimate the effects considerably."
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8 hours of social isolation led to similar levels of fatigue as 8 hours of food deprivation
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Polyvagal theory (PVT; Porges, 2001, 2021) has gained much traction as a 'science of social safety'. This cogent critique suggests PVT is contradicted by the physiological literature. Key takeaway is that respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) cannot be equated with (cardiac) vagal
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These findings are important because anger is often portrayed in the psychological literature as a maladapative, antisocial emotion. By contrast, this large crosscultural study indicates that people who become angry, in the right situations, actually form the bedrock for a
"56 societies...individuals who experience anger and disgust over norm violation endorse confrontation, ostracism, gossip...anger consistently strongest predictor...stronger in societies, individuals, who place higher value on individual autonomy"
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20 years of data from large, nationally representative panel survey (N = 27,572): Strong evidence that cohort effects drive worsening in population-level mental health. Effects most pronounced among people born in the 1990s, lesser among 1980s cohort.
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Yikes! Can’t recall having ever read this in the abstract of a PsychBul article: ‘Authors with a financial incentive to report positive findings published significantly larger effects than authors without this incentive.’
Do growth mindset interventions impact students’ academic achievement?
A meta-analysis (63 studies, N=97,672), found major flaws in study design, analysis & reporting
The overall effect (d=.05) was nonsignificant after correcting for publication bias!
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@Hannah_R_Snyder
@KMKing_Psych
@Dr_Christoph
The apparent lack of empirical support for psycho-analytic ideas is partly because modern psychologists have relabeled them. Here’s some examples from Bornstein (2005)
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In behavioral science, a correlation of .80 seems implausibly high, regardless of the topic or methodology. Not saying this paper is wrong. Just that it seems unlikely on a a priori basis.
Life satisfaction is mostly about personality, for most people, most of the time. Even more so, than we thought.
Likely the most comprehensive study yet is now out in the JPSP: 🧵
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I believe
@NicoleRPrause
’s research has more or less refuted these notions. Porn use mainly seems to reflect high sex drive. So male porn users would probably have sex with women if they could.
"heavy porn use can lead boys to choose the easy option for sexual satisfaction (watching porn) rather than trying to engage in the more uncertain and risky dating world...after watching porn, heterosexual men find real women less attractive"
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Ouch! One of the classic experimental demonstrations of cognitive dissonance -induced compliance- fails to replicate in a large multilab study (>4,900 participants)
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Brain training is a waste of time, even after hundreds of studies there is no clear evidence that it works: 'there is currently insufficient empirical evidence to support that [brain] training can improve memory, general cognition, or everyday functioning.'
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@yetianmed
@salazarkaempf
@JAMAPsych
@AndrewZalesky
@DrBreaky
@DrPhilipMosley
@CropleyVanessa
Interesting. Could it be that mental illness leads people to take less good care of their body?
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What stands out from this graph is how using percentage change wildly skews the numbers. Never mind those 26.5 middle-aged men who kill themselves each year. They have been doing this forever so it’s not a real problem.
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Thanks to my lab members, this is way too much, but nonetheless much appreciated!
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@BobSiegerink
The impact of cholera was such that present-day Dutch speakers still use expletives referring to the disease, such as ‘klerelijer’ (derived from ‘cholera sufferer’) which loosely means a-hole, and ‘krijg de klere’ (derived from ‘get cholera’), which loosely means FU.
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Stats question: We have a large dataset of N=1800+, way more statistical power than needed. Would it make sense to split the sample so as to see if the effects replicate in different parts of the sample? If so, is there a system for that? Or better stick with one big-ass sample?
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Follow latest research updates on Emotion Science on this Twitter list!
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Solving the world’s problems together with longtime friend and great thinker Roy Baumeister!
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Baumeister et al. reviewed 36 multi-site replications in social psych: 11% supported original findings, 14% mixed results, 75% failures. Low participant engagement emerged as widespread problem, reflected in % discarded data and weak manipulation checks.
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@CJFerguson1111
@Schneider_CM
Thought ‘male’ and ‘female’ referred to biological sex. So as long as the bones are not called ‘men’ and ‘women’, we’re all good, aren’t we? 🤔
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Pathological altruism (PA) is a paradoxical psychological trait. It is associated with compulsive helping. People high in PA report that their constant helping causes others harm and people regularly tell them to stop trying to help. Nevertheless, people high in PA maintain their
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Hello Brussels! Despite the raininess, looking forward to ICPS, my first post-lockdown conference…
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Can’t help but wonder: Are these assumptions genuinely held by most current neuro-imaging researchers? Sounds more like pop psychology…🤔
Most brain-imaging studies make 3 questionable assumptions: mental events are localizable, map uniquely to dedicated
#brain
circuitry, & are independent of larger context. These 19th-century views need an update. New
#OpenAccess
paper in
@TrendsCognSci
. 1/
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The elusiveness of psychotherapy expertise is clinical psychology’s best-kept secret. The field should heavily invest in feedback systems so that psychotherapists can gain actual insight into what works and what doesn’t.
"At present, psychotherapist self-assessment either bears no relationship to actual performance, or worse, has an inverse relationship to actual skill."
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Among 783 faculty members, gender accounted for 1% of the variance in research, teaching, and university service (beyond control variables). Sounds pretty close to the ideal of gender equality. What do you think?
We examined gender differences in time spent in research, teaching, and university service across 783 tenured/tenure-track faculty members from multiple universities. Do gender differences persist? Yep! In the way you would expect? Yep! Full article:
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This is an important study, because, with the popularity of the Big Five, many assume that those trait dimensions are the be-all and end-all of psychological differences between people. But there’s much more to human psychological differences than that.
Now out in Social Psychological and Personality Science:
Do adolescents' social, emotional, and behavioral skills predict their success and well-being? Even beyond the Big Five personality traits?
w/
@BrentWRoberts
@cmnapolitano
@madisonswell
@yoonx343
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Theories that qualify an entire class of emotions (like shame) as maladaptive always struck me as odd. Seems more plausible that each emotion has benefits in a certain context. Only rigid, decontextualized emotional responses may become problematic.
Psychoanalyst Nancy McWilliams asserted that shame is “typically characterized by withdrawal from social intercourse, which can have a profound effect on relationships. Shame may motivate not only avoidant behavior but also defensive, retaliative anger.”
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Actually, use of emotion words in various media does *not* correlate with emotion experience. It’s a myth that keeps being spread by media analysts.
A powerful correlate of rising mental illness rates is a rise in sad, angry, depressed, fearful, and anxious writing and popular music.
First consider music.
Billboard's top songs have changed a lot over time. In terms of sentiment, they're angrier, more disgusted, and more
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My take on Feldman Barrett’s work is that she exaggerates the divergence between constructivist theories and other emotions theories. In reality, emotion theories converge so much that differential empirical tests require a highly abstract level of analysis. Agnes Moors in her
Flawed anecdotes, factual inaccuracies, & overlooked key aspects of human nature? Our critique of Lisa Feldman Barrett's 'How Emotions Are Made' is here:
#EmotionResearch
#EmotionTheory
#Critique
#Psychology
#HumanNature
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First day of the Amsterdam Summer Course ‘Dealing with feelings: The psychology of emotion regulation’
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A relative newcomer that I like is the Discrete Emotions Questionnaire by Cindy Harmon-Jones et al (2016). The DEQ is designed to measure 8 state emotions: anger, disgust, fear, anxiety, sadness, happiness, relaxation, and desire. 9/N
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Our paper ‘From intentions to action: An integrative review of four decades of action control theory and research’ by myself, Nils Jostmann and Nicola Baumann has been accepted at Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. The Abstract is attached. More details later…
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@Reallydont51535
The people who use trigger warnings believe they are preventing people from being retraumatized. So these findings are actually far from obvious to many people.
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Could inter-brain plasticity explain the effects of psychotherapy?
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Do psychologists know what narcissism is? Procative study with large sample finds little overlap between 8 widely used measures purporting to assess narcissism. 🤔
🚨🥳We just got a paper accepted in JPSP on age and gender differences in narcissism across 8 different measures with a sample size of > 250,000 participants!
Here's the pre-print:
And a little summary:
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Beautiful 2020 study of physio of crying! ‘results suggest crying may assist in … maintaining biological homeostasis, …consciously through self-soothing via purposeful breathing and unconsciously through regulation of heart rate’
@leafs_s
@socialneuro
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Young adults from Generation Z (born 1997–2012) display greater shyness than millennials (born 1981-1996). Moreover, the shyness of Gen Z further increased during the pandemic.
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@datepsych
Did they examine the same relation among women? Do women who feel disadvantaged also endorse more hostile attitudes toward men?
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@DonPaco83441057
My experience is that psychology students are extremely surprised by these findings. But if you have more common sense, more power to you.
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In the first quarter of the 21st century, psychologists finally came upon a replicable phenomenon.
"We make the case that participants tend to be bored while taking part in psychology studies." Preprint from
@Maria__Me__
et al.
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‘A constant attention on how kids are "feeling" or "thinking" is causing negative outcomes.’ Developmental researchers: Is this claim backed by evidence? 🤔
Just finished this book - Bad Therapy by
@AbigailShrier
This is one of the most eye-opening books I've ever read. It's a must read for any parent, any teacher, and should be required reading for any school administrator as well.
The book dives into trying to figure out why
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Addicts who manage to overcome their addiction on their own -by far the most effective change strategy- identify less with the disease model and distance themselves from other addicts. Would this be the same for other psychological disorders?
Many, if not most, alcohol and drug addicts eventually free themselves from the clutches of addiction on their own, without therapeutic help.
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Schimmack just analyzed all the p-values published in Cognition and Emotion in 2002-2022. Main findings: Clear evidence of selection bias, but also a relatively low risk of false positive results. He makes the following recommendations: 1/N
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Yet another meta-analysis showing small effects of social media on mental health. Makes one wonder whether interventions to reduce social media use among children are justified. What do you think?
Social media use is linked to social anxiety (r=.14), according to a meta-analysis of 27 studies (N = 38,163)
The link is stronger in studies with greater age and racial diversity, that include global data & more reliable measures of social media use
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On the importance of interpersonal touch, nice interview in Dutch national newspaper
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Delighted to be at Tilburg Emotions in symposium on interpersonal emotion regulation!
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The uncanny valley hypothesis (UCH) proposes that almost -but not quite- humanlike robots trigger a deep sense of unease. The notion has been embraced among AI developers and the general public alike. However, evidence for it is surprisingly weak. More details in this 🧵1/N
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If you made it all the way here, I hope this thread was useful to you. Feel free to add your comments and suggestions. If you have different favorite scale, let us know! 15/15
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Does someone know of a reliable and capable video editor for social media? We have a bunch of videos that we want to put online.
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@MarcusCrede
Yes, I’ve witnessed this multiple times, from first and third person prospectives. Make you wonder why people care so much about publishing a lot.
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Time to bring out the funny hats again for the PHD defence of Hester Sijtsma on the development of interpersonal trust among adolescents… via
@VUamsterdam
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I commented before on these statistics. They need to be understood against the absolute rates of suicide, which is quite rare for young women (3.5 per 100k people) and much more common for middle-aged men (23.5 per 100k people). Because suicide rate for young women is so low,
Jonathan Haidt (
@JonHaidt
) claims mental health has deteriorated recently, especially affecting young females.
Using CDC data, I looked at how suicide rates in the U.S. for young females have changed between 1999-2020. Both in raw rates, and in relative change since 2000.
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Nice little blog on the Women-Are-Wonderful effect: Women are liked more than men by men and women alike.
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What’s the funniest title of a scientific article you read? I nominate ‘Boring people’
@EricIgou
@aczeszum
@ethan_kross
@lakens
@minzlicht
@ME_McCullough
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Treating depression with psychedelics: red flags and FAQ » Balanced discussion of the research by
@EikoFried
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Depressed people have difficulty revising negative beliefs in response to novel positive information. This article reviews research on the cognitive mechanisms on this depressive deficit in belief updating.
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‘new evidence demonstrates that the act of breathing exerts a substantive, rhythmic influence on perception, emotion, and cognition, largely through the direct modulation of neural oscillations’
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@CostelloWilliam
This effect proved elusive in prior replication research. Wonder how these researchers got it to work…
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Since the 1970s, Western cultures have seen a marked rise in concept creep, where concepts of harm and pathology are being applied to ever more minor events. Examples are terms like trauma, abuse, and bullying, which have become commonplace.
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Striking crosscultural convergence in emotional responses to music
You can't stop the beat! Music evokes consistent bodily sensations and emotions across the world - a new preprint from
@TurkuPETCentre
spearheaded by
@Vesa_Putkinen
now out on
@PsyArXiv
:
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New theory? In 1990, Hazan & Shaver proposed that ‘love and work in adulthood are functionally similar to attachment and exploration in infancy and early childhood’
A new theory suggests that romantic love evolved from mechanisms originally serving mother-infant bonding, challenging another long-standing theory about the origins of human love.
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Overview of findings of 60 meta-analyses testing key ideas from self-determination theory
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But for most people who are genuinely interested in emotions, I believe the DEQ would be a very suitable measure. The DEQ deserves to be much more widely used that it is today. 14/N
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Study of language corpora spanning 1970-2016, one academic and one general: Mental health concepts like addiction, stress, and worry are increasingly used in the context of less emotionally intense language. May signify ‘concept creep’, inflation of harm-related language.
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Yes, it pays to choose your psychotherapist carefully. Therapist effects are robust in meta-analyses. On average about 5% of a therapy’s effect. But this varies a lot between therapists, with some being *twice* as effective compared to the average (controlling for problem
Except for the single paragraph about commonsense practicalities (location/cost), this “how to choose the right therapy” blog is filled with bad advice. Choose the therapist, never the therapy “brand.” Here are my thoughts on choosing a therapist
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Major review: Over 4 decades of research have failed to yield valid and reliable measures of interoceptive accuracy. 'Not a single task combines high construct validity, reliability, discriminability of participants, and practicability' But all's not lost...
1/N
The New Measures of Interoceptive Accuracy: A Systematic Review and Assessment
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Dear fellow psychologists: Let’s all agree to write ‘people’ instead of ‘individuals’. It’s more descriptively accurate, clearer, more humanizing, and no less scientific.
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So long Emily! The field will remember you for your kind heart, great mind, and your pioneering work on interpersonal emotion regulation. In commemoration of your work, I wrote this 🧵1/N
With profound sadness, I announce the untimely death of Emily Butler PhD a beloved friend, mentor, and colleague. Emily was a kind, fierce, and brilliant human being. Losing her will continue to ripple through the local and (inter)national scientific community for years to come.
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Full of regret about a stupid decision you made? One consolation: This study suggests you are unlikely to be a narcissist…
Congratulations to our PhD student
@felixgrnd
and his supervisor
@KaiEpstude
for their new paper on the relationship between counterfactual thinking and grandiose narcissism.
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Profiles of ideal traits that people prefer in a partner are surprisingly stable, with overall profile correlations exceeding r = .70 across 13 years.
Cool new paper on stability/change of ideal partner preferences across 13 years
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Highly powered replication confirms the inoculation effect, which means that attitudes become resistant to change after an initial weak challenge.
So nobody has actually replicated McGuire's original psychological inoculation experiment from the '60s. A team just did in 2023 (60 years on) & here's a short thread about at least one robust & reliable finding in social psychology: inoculation.
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People with depressive symptoms who were led to believe that their emotions are malleable engaged in more cognitive reappraisal and displayed greater recovery after a negative emotional event.
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Brief book review of Abigail Shrier’s new book Bad Therapy. Emphasis on mental health awareness may actually make young people mentally unstable. Provocative read!
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7. Trait procrastinators are slower to form their intentions, but they also show better memory for their intentions and are slower to disengage from old intentions. These findings suggest that trait procrastinators are not simply lazy or unmotivated. Instead, trait
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That concludes this brief overview. If you appreciated this thread, please like and retweet it. Also, follow me on Twitter if you want more of this content.
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Sad to see
@PsychToday
spread misinformation about grief. At least since the work by
@giorgiobee
and colleagues we know that there are multiple trajectories of grief. Suggesting everyone must do grief work is potentially harmful… 1/N
The brain goes through major neurological changes after a profound loss. Here's how it begins to heal.
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How can you use emotion regulation to ensure that you lead a more meaningful life? Thought-provoking piece by Kashdan and Goodman
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People report using suicidal thoughts to regulate negative affect, which in turn, predicts more frequent and severe suicidal thoughts.
New paper, "Suicidal Thinking as Affect Regulation", published in Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science with Yael Millgram, Evan Kleiman,
@beckyfortgang
,
@millner_alex
,
@MaddyFrumkin
,
@drkatebentley
, and
@mk_nock
!
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Systematic review of 28 studies finds better emotion regulation skills are associated with having less inflammatory proteins.
Systematic review on emotion regulation + inflammation is finally accepted @ Neuroscience & Biobehavioral reviews after 2 informative (and exhausting) years! A quick 🧵 1/7
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