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@IhabFathiSulima
This image shows a Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement—a surgical procedure to treat hydrocephalus. The shunt diverts excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to the abdomen, helping reduce intracranial pressure. A crucial topic for
#USMLE
preparation
#MedEd
#Neurosurgery
@IhabFathiSulima
Diagnosis: Lymphangitis
Key features:
•Red streaks extending from the infection site towards the lymph nodes
•Associated with cellulitis (swollen, warm skin)
•Fever and chills possible
•Pain and swelling in the affected limb
Typically caused by bacterial infection,
@IhabFathiSulima
Three common infections that may be transmitted by cat scratches are:
1.Bartonella henselae (Cat Scratch Disease)
2.Pasteurella multocida
3.Toxoplasma gondii
Always important to keep those scratches clean and monitored!
#MedTwitter
#USMLE
#InfectiousDiseases
@OGdukeneurosurg
this looks like a classic case of Subacute Combined Degeneration (SCD) due to Vitamin B12 deficiency Key signs: posterior column degeneration, ataxia in darkness, numbness/tingling in extremities, positive Romberg sign, and glossitis.
#MedTwitter
#USMLE
#NeuroPearls
@pharmahub_
Ondansetron is a go-to medication for preventing nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery. It works wonders by selectively blocking serotonin receptors, which are involved in the vomiting reflex. This makes it a vital support for patients
@Naeem_ch111
Fascinating case! Based on the symptoms - oral ulcers, joint pain, hair loss, and a rash - this sounds like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). A multi-faceted autoimmune disorder that can affect multiple organs and tissues.
For a definitive
#Diagnosis
, the investigation of
@IhabFathiSulima
Tranexamic acid is a versatile agent in the ER for its antifibrinolytic properties, helping to reduce bleeding. Women often use it orally to manage heavy menstrual bleeding effectively. Its mechanism, which inhibits plasminogen activation, also makes it beneficial in angioedema
@Gazelle6849
Differential Diagnosis for 2yo with vesicular itchy rash & low-grade fever (also in mother):
1.Varicella (Chickenpox): Classic vesicular rash in crops, often starts on torso and spreads.
2.Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease: Vesicles on hands, feet, and mouth, fever common.
3.Impetigo:
@IhabFathiSulima
This suggests a case of impetigo, a bacterial skin infection often caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Impetigo typically presents with red sores or blisters that rupture, ooze for a few days, and then form a honey-colored crust. treatment involves good
@IhabFathiSulima
This image depicts hydrops fetalis, a severe fetal condition characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in two or more fetal compartments, such as under the skin, around the lungs, heart, or abdomen. Causes include immune and non-immune factors.
#MedTwitter
#MedEd
@DrPharmDMDTh
Used for serious, hard-to-treat infections like MRSA, it's a powerhouse in our antimicrobial arsenal. Remember, it's for IV use & requires dilution.
@drkeithsiau
The yellow coating on the tongue post-gastric bypass could suggest a nutritional deficiency, often seen in malabsorption syndromes post-bariatric surgery. It might indicate deficiencies such as vitamin B12, iron, folate, or others. Further evaluation with lab tests is warranted
@ali_jadoon93
B) The first-line imaging investigation recommended is a breast ultrasound due to the higher density of breast tissue in younger women which can limit the effectiveness of mammography. If the ultrasound is inconclusive or further evaluation is needed, additional imaging like a
@pharmahub_
Aztreonam is a monobactam antibiotic used for treating infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It’s particularly useful in patients with penicillin allergies, as it has a low cross-reactivity with other beta-lactam antibiotics. It can be used
@Naeem_ch111
The answer is A) Muscular dystrophy. This sign is particularly associated with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), where muscle weakness is so profound that the patient requires assistance from their upper limbs to achieve a standing position.
Understanding the Gower sign is not
@Naeem_ch111
C) Gum bleeding is most often associated with Vitamin C deficiency, also known as scurvy. Vitamin C is pivotal for collagen synthesis, and its deficiency can lead to weakened blood vessels that are prone to bleeding. Keep your nutrition balanced to support oral and overall
@Naeem_ch111
This clinical picture is highly suggestive of A) Erythema multiforme, which can be precipitated by infections or medications like penicillin. Always consider a drug reaction in sudden onset cases following new medication. Remember, in practice, a biopsy may be needed for
@Naeem_ch111
Based on the image, the lesion seems to be a congenital melanocytic nevus, which is a type of skin lesion that is present at birth. These can range in size from small to large/giant and have a risk of developing melanoma, especially the larger ones. It’s always best to have such
@pharmahub_
Penicillin G treats many infections, including those by Listeria and the bacteria causing syphilis and anthrax. However, it's not the go-to for Rickettsia infections doxycycline is preferred. So, the answer is B: Rickettsia infection.
@modernHealthMe
The diagnosis is Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. It’s characterized by a painful rash around the ear, on the face, or mouth, and facial paralysis due to the varicella-zoster virus reactivating. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for better outcomes!
#USMLE
#Step1
#MedEd
@pharmahub_
Amiodarone is a cornerstone drug in the management of life-threatening arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, especially when other treatments fail. It works by altering the electrical signals in the heart to restore a normal rhythm. But its power comes
@Naeem_ch111
In beta-blocker overdose scenarios, D) Glucagon is the MVP. It bypasses the blocked receptors to increase heart rate and contractility. Vital knowledge for emergency situations
@MoarSahitoPTI
In a standard four-drug therapy for TB, the culprit is often Isoniazid (A). It can cause peripheral neuropathy, leading to that tingling in the feet.
@Naeem_ch111
The correct answer is A) Mother's intake of estrogen.
Gynecomastia in neonates can often be traced back to estrogen exposure from the mother. This fascinating process occurs because estrogen can cross the placenta, influencing breast tissue development in the neonate.
@modernHealthMe
The presentation of a child with fever, fatigue, weight loss, and pronounced facial lymphadenopathy could indeed suggest Burkitt lymphoma, especially considering the rapid growth of the mass, which is characteristic of this high-grade B-cell lymphoma. It’s prevalent in certain
@MoarSahitoPTI
C)
For peptic ulcer disease, the go-to isn't just about soothing symptoms. C) Esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is the hero here, working tirelessly to reduce stomach acid and protect those delicate layers from further damage. Perfect for keeping ulcers at bay and ensuring
@IhabFathiSulima
The diagnosis is Prader-Willi Syndrome, linked to abnormalities on chromosome 15. This condition is characterized by hypotonia, obesity, and developmental delays. Recognizing these features is crucial for early intervention and management!
#MedEd
#Genetics
#USMLEStudy
#MedX
@OGdukeneurosurg
My bet’s on the saccular aneurysm due to its ‘berry’ shape and wall tension (Laplace’s Law). Rupture risk isn’t just size but shape and location too.Thoughts,?
@IhabFathiSulima
The clinical picture is classic for hypothyroidism: dry, coarse hair, thin lateral eyebrows, periorbital edema, and a puffy, dull face with dry skin. Commonly associated electrolyte disturbance is hyponatremia due to decreased free water clearance. Monitoring thyroid function and
@OGdukeneurosurg
The illustration shows Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH), where abdominal organs herniate into the chest, disrupting lung development. Surgical repair post-birth is required.
@docxusofficial
The image appears to show a case of Elephantiasis, also known as lymphatic filariasis. This is a condition typically caused by parasitic filarial worms such as Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori, which are transmitted by mosquitoes. The worms inhabit the
@MoarSahitoPTI
The answer is D. Phenytoin! Long-term use of this antiepileptic can indeed lead to coarsening of facial features, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, and osteomalacia.
#USMLEStep1
@md1talk
Osteoporosis is a condition where bone density and quality are reduced, leading to brittle bones and increased fracture risk. Osteomalacia, on the other hand, involves softening of the bones due to vitamin D or calcium deficiency, affecting bone mineralization. Key difference:
@IhabFathiSulima
The posture depicted is known as the "opisthotonos" position, commonly associated with severe brain injury, such as traumatic brain injury, or neurological conditions like tetanus. Four causes could be:
1. Tetanus infection, leading to muscle rigidity.
2. Severe meningitis
@MoarSahitoPTI
D )
Furosemide is a powerhouse in managing hypertension and edema. Lowering reabsorption of NaCl in the kidneys. Furosemide acts as a loop diuretic, inhibiting the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This action blocks the reabsorption of
@MoarSahitoPTI
A) Carbamazepine is a well-known anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy, particularly for focal seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. It works by stabilizing the inactivated state of sodium channels, which inhibits repetitive neuronal firing, helping to
@IhabFathiSulima
This looks like Mercury Poisoning presenting as a ‘Hunter’s glossitis.’ The tongue’s inflamed, granular appearance is a classic finding. Keep heavy metal exposure in mind when evaluating unusual oral lesions.
#USMLE
#MedTwitter
#Toxicology
@modernHealthMe
The image shows annular, erythematous plaques that could be consistent with urticaria (hives), which are often pruritic (itchy). Urticaria is commonly an allergic reaction that can be acute or chronic.
@Naeem_ch111
Calcium (A) is the key player in blood clotting, acting as a critical cofactor in the coagulation cascade. This mineral’s role is integral from vascular injury to the formation of a stable clot.
@IhabFathiSulima
This is the Finkelstein test, commonly used to diagnose De Quervain’s tenosynovitis. Pain along the thumb side of the wrist during this maneuver suggests inflammation of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons. Early detection is crucial to prevent
@IhabFathiSulima
Looks like a classic case of Arsenic Keratosis. The hyperkeratotic lesions on the palms, combined with the history of exposure, point towards chronic arsenic poisoning. Always important to keep environmental factors in mind during diagnosis.
@simplify_drugs
Insulin analogs are a must-know! Insulin glargine is your go-to long-acting analog, offering consistent glucose control without peaks, perfect for baseline coverage.
@IhabFathiSulima
"Milk of Amnesia”, sounds dreamy, doesn't it? It's actually Propofol, the anesthesiologist's best friend! This swift and efficient anesthetic, with its signature milky appearance, is a staple in surgeries for its ability to quickly induce relaxation and forgetfulness without a
@MoarSahitoPTI
B)
When managing a patient on levothyroxine, watch out for interactions! Calcium carbonate can interfere with its absorption, potentially altering the dosage requirements.
@MoarSahitoPTI
The correct answer is D. Glaucoma. Acetazolamide is a diuretic that reduces the production of aqueous humor in the eye, helping to manage intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients.
#USMLEStep1
#MedEd
@IhabFathiSulima
The ECG indicates a supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). For management, initially stabilize any unstable patient using synchronized cardioversion. In stable patients, begin with vagal maneuvers such as the Valsalva technique. If these are ineffective, administer IV adenosine,
@MoarSahitoPTI
Great question for USMLE Step 1 prep! The correct answer is C) Doxorubicin It’s an anthracycline antibiotic used as an anti-neoplastic agent, particularly in chemotherapy for various cancers. Keep up the great work with your studies
#MedEd
#USMLE
@modernHealthMe
The most likely culprit drug in standard anti-TB regimens that can cause such a reaction is Isoniazid, known for its potential to cause hypersensitivity reactions including skin rashes and other dermatologic manifestations. Ethambutol and Rifampin can also cause cutaneous
@drusamajahangir
The correct answer is D. Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Gower's sign is a classic indicator of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) . When a child uses their hands to "walk" up their legs to stand, it points towards DMD, helping differentiate it from other conditions like
@pharmahub_
Diving into
#USMLEStep1
pharmacology. For minimizing weight gain in diabetes management, B) Liraglutide is my answer, as GLP-1 agonists like this one can actually promote weight loss. A crucial note for patient-centered care.
@ali_jadoon93
@robinszon
@ParveenYograj
@abctutorial65
B) Myocarditis
Let's dissect this with clinical precision! Diphtheria, a formidable adversary, wields a toxin with far-reaching effects. Among these, myocarditis stands out as a notorious complication. The toxin directly targets the heart, leading to myocardial inflammation, and
@OGdukeneurosurg
Dermatographic urticaria, where even light scratching prompts a histamine wave, creating temporary “skin writing”. It’s a fascinating immune system overreaction.
@Naeem_ch111
For the image depicting gastrointestinal pathology, the thickened muscle and narrow opening between the stomach and duodenum suggest Pyloric stenosis, a condition where narrowed pylorus leads to forceful vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss in infants. Spotting this early can
@pharmahub_
This shows Rovsing’s sign, where pain in the right lower quadrant is elicited by palpation of the left lower quadrant, strongly suggests acute appendicitis. This is a classic clinical finding that points us away from other diagnoses like acute pancreatitis.
#USMLE
@DrMedica_13
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome is characterized by facial palsy due to herpes infection involving the geniculate ganglion. Not to be confused with Crouzon, Eagle's, or Stickler syndromes.
@modernHealthMe
The abdominal appearance here with prominent, distended veins radiating from the umbilicus resembles “Caput Medusae,” a sign of portal hypertension, often due to liver cirrhosis. It occurs when blood from the portal venous system is shunted into the systemic circulation. This is
@AaronGoodman33
Considering the provided clinical vignette, the patient’s presentation with a sore on the leg after cleaning the attic, accompanied by systemic symptoms and a positive direct Coombs test, could suggest a diagnosis of loxoscelism, which is the condition caused by the bite of a
@pharmahub_
Great question for USMLE step 1 prep! For patients with asthma, we need an antihypertensive that doesn’t exacerbate their respiratory condition. Calcium channel blockers (option c) are generally a safe choice, as they don’t affect the airways like beta-blockers can.
@MoarSahitoPTI
The primary use of Clopidogrel is Cardiovascular protection (C). It acts as an antiplatelet agent, reducing the risk of stroke, heart attack, and other heart-related issues by preventing blood clots. A crucial med for those at risk!
#MedTwitter
#USMLE
#Step1Prep
@drsamshuaibi
The features mentioned sclerodactyly, calcinosis, telangiectasia, along with esophageal dysmotility and Raynaud’s phenomenon are characteristic of the CREST syndrome, which is a limited form of systemic sclerosis. CREST stands for Calcinosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, Esophageal
@MoarSahitoPTI
The answer is C) Hypokalemia. Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, often leads to increased excretion of potassium in the urine, causing hypokalemia, which explains the symptoms.
@supportbrain1
A short-acting sedative-hypnotic used primarily for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. It acts on GABA receptors to promote sedation. Commonly referred to as the 'milk of amnesia' due to its white appearance! Perfect topic for your USMLE Step 1 prep
#MedEd
#USMLE
Attention, USMLE aspirants ! 🩺 A pediatric case for your studies :
A 2-month-old infant presents with rapid breathing and poor feeding. Physical examination reveals a systolic murmur at the left sternal border, mild cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 92% in room air. An
@MoarSahitoPTI
,**C) Penicillins** are most commonly associated with an increased risk of anaphylactic shock. This type of allergic reaction can be severe and rapid in onset, involving symptoms you've mentioned like difficulty breathing, skin reactions, and cardiovascular changes. Always
USMLE aspirants, here's a sample question from the USMLEPartner platform:
Which enzyme is inhibited by allopurinol and febuxostat?
A)Xanthine oxidase
B)Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
C)Adenosine deaminase
D)Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase
Find answer,
@IhabFathiSulima
Amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic medication used to treat various cardiac arrhythmias, can cause a side effect known as “blue-gray skin discoloration.” This photo illustrates this rare but notable condition, often referred to as “Smurf syndrome.” Always monitor patients for skin
 Attention future doctors!  Did you know that Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age? 
 PCOS is characterized by irregular periods, excess androgen levels, and an increased risk of diabetes and heart disease.
@pharmahub_
Navigating hypertension during pregnancy requires careful medication selection to ensure safety for both mom and baby. Among the choices, Hydralazine (Option C) is a go-to antihypertensive that’s been used safely during pregnancy. ACE inhibitors and ARBs are a no-go due to fetal
@OGdukeneurosurg
The clock drawing is indicative of the Reversed Clock phenomenon, often associated with neurological deficits. Such transposition of numbers suggests possible parieto-occipital dysfunction, which can result from a stroke or brain lesion in that area. It's crucial for USMLE
@DrMedica_13
Great question! Stimulation of the external auditory canal can lead to a cough due to the Auricular branch of the Vagus nerve (D). It's a classic example of referred sensation, often called the 'Arnold's nerve reflex'
#MedEd
#USMLE
#StudyTips
#NeuroPearls
@MoarSahitoPTI
A) Ondansetron. This superhero in the world of antiemetics works wonders by selectively blocking serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, which are key players in the vomit.
@Doctors__squad
The correct answer is C) Vitiligo. This condition is characterized by depigmented patches due to the destruction of melanocytes. It’s an autoimmune disorder, making it a key topic for dermatology and immunology in the
#USMLE
Step 1.
#MedEd
#Dermatology
#Autoimmune
#MedTwitter
@IhabFathiSulima
The image shows a horizontal incision on the neck, suggesting a thyroidectomy, a common surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid gland. This procedure is often performed to treat thyroid cancer, hyperthyroidism, or large goiters. Recovery involves monitoring hormone levels