It's easy to grow pessimistic about the prospects for reform in the face of retrenchment & little long-term improvement in children's futures. But we have taken the wrong lessons from the reform failures of yesteryear. Houston is replicating the same mistakes. 🧵
My latest for
@EducationNext
: "It's hard to name a former ed reform hot spot in better shape today than 25 years ago. But the biggest problem is that quietly, almost imperceptibly, the consensus and constituency for big-city reform is disappearing."
@RobertEnlow
If the purpose of private school choice is to educate children, why is there so much resistance in the choice movement about measuring whether, in fact, children are being educated?
There's been a lot of discussion of teacher absenteeism. We think teachers are absent bc they don't like their jobs or they want to go on vacation. But what if the biggest driver is something more basic: the fragility of our system of caregiving. 🧵
@RobertEnlow
On the whole, existing data on voucher programs suggests 1-in-3 families exit each year. Parental accountability may “work” but not before children suffer a year or more of lost learning.
Teaching fads have real consequences for kids. My daughter was one of those kids, diagnosed w/dyscalculia after 2 years at a school that minimized fluency in foundational mathematics. As the innovation space reaches a fever pitch, I hope we can avoid repeating old mistakes
“Since 1995 in the US, all states have adopted standards to govern K-12 math instruction, and in most, standards have de-emphasized memorization and emphasized reasoning. Scientists who study the brain have verified this assumption was mistaken.”
77% of teachers are women & about half of all teachers have children at home (this percentage has likely gone up given the trend towards a younger, less experienced profession). Women are 10x more likely than men to stay home to care for a sick child
I increasingly believe the clear answer to this question is "no." As
@rpondiscio
points out, we need to make the job of teaching doable for people of "average abilities" not saints and not superstars. For most teachers, differentiating instruction for 25+ kids is impossible
I don't know why we struggle so much to see teachers for who they are: women, mothers, caregivers, who like their peers in other professions, struggle mightily to juggle work and life without the benefit of a safety net.
But it's even worse than that. While women have long been called to teaching, school systems seem to be organized in ways that are hostile towards motherhood. Did you know only 18% of big city school districts offer teachers maternity leave?
This perspective misses the enormous costs families bear when they are forced to “hold schools accountable.” I know about these costs because I once had to do exactly what parents at Hive Academy did. Here’s my story. 1/
Lessons on real accountability: Parents held The Hive Academy accountable more efficiently and effectively than any government accountability office could.
Schools have not been designed to cope with the fragility of our caregiving system. It has always been true that a teacher absence has ripple effects across a school-pulling the literacy coach from her duties or forcing a paraprofessional to lead lessons.
A lot of people seem to be framing absenteeism in terms of a foundational break in the educational contract but I have yet to see any actual data on this. I’m a mom to 4 chronically absent kids. My attitude about school hasn’t changed. What’s changed is a dramatic ⬆️ in illness
NYT story pairs nicely with the Brookings writeup from earlier in the week:
Parents are not fully aware of, or concerned about, their children’s school attendance
Why School Absences Have ‘Exploded’ Almost Everywhere
According to the BOL, the # of parents missing work to care for a sick child skyrocketed in the fall of 2022. This dynamic had ripple effects, as the fragile system of childcare broke down prompting closures, which forced even more women home.
.
@rickhess99
&
@MQ_McShane
taught me to have a health dose of skepticism when evaluating K-12 reform.
In that spirit, I want to challenge them & my other friends leaning into choice to consider the downsides of a world organized to serve individual interests 🧵
A Unified Theory of Education
What are the guiding principles that can frame a conservative approach to education, whether we're thinking about preschool or graduate school?
@MQ_McShane
& I offer some thoughts, at
@NationalAffairs
.
Provide access to affordable high quality childcare, make allowances for back up sick child care, and build resiliency into system such that women/teachers don't have to perform daily juggling acts. In sum, make it easier to be both teacher and mother.
Or that it took an act of Congress, literally, to ensure teachers would be afforded a private room and 15 min break so they could pump milk for their babies (a benefit that hourly workers gained years earlier).
{Consider}
How can children “think” for themselves if they do not remember the things that they want to think about?
The foundation of creativity is expertise. Expertise is based on memory, which can only be developed through dedicated study & practice.
There are no short-cuts
If your only accountability plan for low-quality schools of choice is families "voting with their feet," you aren't appreciating the human costs of being forced to exit a school due to its failure to educate.
Whenever people start talking about the value of “unbundled education,” I imagine the hell of selecting summer camps for my 4 children on a year round basis.
"The rise of these other, more niche providers offers America a glimpse of what’s possible as more states embrace not just school choice, but education choice."
Florida's expanding a la carte education providers
As the authors of this new report from
@MDRC_News
put it, the average 5th grade class contains students who range in achievement from a 3rd to 8th grade level. Is it reasonable to expect a teacher working alone in their classroom to bridge this gap?
This epidemic of absenteeism was driven by a surge in upper respiratory viruses. According to research in
@JAMA_current
, the rate of children admitted to emergency rooms for a URI surged 71% during the same period. .
Like many parents experiencing the realities of remote learning, I'm looking to when & how can schools reopen. We know the answer to this Q depends on our ability to get a handle on this pandemic. But it also hinges on the ability of our leaders to act upon evidence. 1/
Must read from
@rpondiscio
. As a recovering structural reformer, I've been fortunate to spend the last year deeply engaged in the work of teaching & learning thanks to my work with
@TheOaklandREACH
and
@OUSDNews
. Good curriculum is an essential first step but it is not enough 🧵
No one deserves more credit than
@rpondiscio
for putting curriculum reform on the national agenda. Be sure to read this article of his re-stating the case:
@The74
@HooverInst
I’m reminded of the economist George Loewstein: “When people are forced to make decisions for which they lack the requisite expertise, the consequences are likely to be lost time, bad choices, anxiety and self-recrimination.” Let do better 15/end
@ryanscottborman
@RobertEnlow
I don’t know what world you live in but in my world, we’ve been talking about test scores and achievement gaps for going on 30 years
But I do know that we ignore these issues at our peril. If teachers' caregiving responsibilities contribute to their absences (and perhaps also to their exit from the profession), addressing them should be a high priority. The good news is there's a lot of low hanging fruit!
🚨Another entry for your files on misleading claims from education research 🚨
The authors of this study, published in the flagship journal AJE, claim implementation of PBL generates 5-6 months of greater learning in social studies.
But what does that mean?
It’s hard not to become cynical about the state of
#edresearch
when misleading, unsubstantiated claims are published in a flagship journal!
These claims get ricocheted through the policy & practice space.
They have real consequences for kids, teachers and systems.
@rpondiscio
offers a remarkably clear-eyed take on the sometimes magical thinking embraced by reformers. "[We] assumed that schools & teachers know what to do, have the capacity for improvement, & need mostly to be properly incentivized-or threatened-to be made to do it."
Wowza: "The results were meaningful in size. E.g., a 1-std deviation increase in receipt of teacher-directed instruction correlated with exam score increases equivalent to a student being from a 2-parent vs 1-parent family, or about 75% of a SD increase in socioeconomic status."
Working with John Mantus of
@aeiecon
, I’ve released my first working paper on education. Using data from the OECD’s PISA exam, it looks at the debate between traditional “teacher-oriented” instruction and more progressive “student-oriented” instruction. Comments welcome. /1
What if parents' preferences for schooling is only weakly connected to what they actually want for their children? Families have diff tastes for education but what if these are driven more by fads & faulty assumptions than knowledge of how schooling produces outcomes? 🧵
@aejochim
@douglasharris99
@DuellSays
Value for a consumer depends on personal preferences and context. So when you say “quality” the people defining that should be parents and it’s individualized. I’ve had the same school be amazing for one kid and horrid for another.
Final thoughts:
1) When you hear someone say we need “new” models of schooling, ask for evidence
2) Be wary of the progressive education trap: children need to learn things that aren’t interesting & are less likely to learn those things when we de-emphasize direct instruction
You should give this convo a listen.
Hot take: We need a serious investment in a centrist-minded think tank committed to using evidence to solve problems, not advancing the whims of left- and right-wing activists who are increasingly out-of-touch with the views of most people.
How Think Tanks Drive Polarization & Policy
Project 2025 is just the latest step in the long rise of partisan think tanks; they helped polarize Congress, replacing non-partisan expertise
New
#ScienceOfPolitics
with
@ejfagan
on The Thinkers
What should we do in light of this? My take is that government has a key role to play in establishing minimum standards for schools and acting as gatekeepers to prevent educational malpractice. As a health care consumer, I have a lot of choice but…13/
I believe we need 3 additional investments to accompany curriculum reforms. 1) Teachers need access to robust curriculum-focused professional development. As
@DavidSteinerJHU
& Tom Kane point out, PD investments are not aligned with our hopes for teaching
I rely on government and professional licensing boards to ensure my providers aren’t quacks. Moreover, in cases of malpractice, I have the right to sue for damages. Litigation is important here because it forces bad providers to bear the full costs of malpractice 14/
Importantly,
#3
means reimagining teacher time. According to
@NCTQ
, the average teacher has 47 mins of planning time. In contrast, a charter school I visited this year offers teachers 2.5 hours daily to support its highly differentiated instructional model
Joy doesn't always translate into learning. The school's lack of direct instruction, assessment of student learning, & practice to build fluency in reading, writing & arithmetic put her years behind peers. We are still trying to get her caught up more than a year later...
2) Schools need to invest in instructional models that better leverage tutors & paraprofessionals to support meaningful differentiation & acceleration.
@SuccessCharters
does this.
@OUSDNews
is doing this through
@TheOaklandREACH
's Literacy Liberator model
Let's clear some things up.
Do we have experimental evidence that private schools are less likely to participate in choice if they are required to administer state tests? No! 🧵
A popular bipartisan ed reform narrative is that increasing youth mental health challenges is a symptom of a failed approach to schooling.
There’s only one problem: what if it’s completely wrong?
🧵
@aejochim
@jandrewclark
@AaronGarthSmith
@AZBethLewis
@NealMcCluskey
I’m open to basic health and safety regulations, but almost anything that constrains what counts as “education” usually locks in the status quo.
I’ve seen many students whose confidence had been so damaged by schooling (sometimes to the point of suicidal ideation on a daily
The portfolio strategy isn't a "model" to be replicated, it's a problem solving framework that can and should vary based on community needs, says
@RbnLake
.
What if the most basic element of our K-12 education system-the one teacher, one classroom model-is also a key reason why public schools struggle so much to close gaps in educational opportunity? This is the question I explore in this piece in
@EdSource
While good curriculum is an essential first step to correcting the failures of prior reform efforts, I worry it is not enough. Why? Because even with good curriculum, teachers will struggle to meet the wildly varying needs of students in their classrooms.
@edpolicyjunkie
@RobertEnlow
We don’t and that’s because no state is taking any serious interest in what happens to kids who return to public schools.
In FL, Chingos reported that 60 percent of low income families participating left the program by year 2.
@natmalkus
The rate of upper respiratory infections has increased dramatically in the last two years (not covid-related). I wouldn’t suggest it explains 100 percent but I have concerns that we are telling a story about attendance w/o data or consideration to health factors).
Since federal leadership is unlikely to arrive anytime soon, a consortium of states could work with the public health community to arrive at consensus recommendations around school reopening. 11/
If you've made it this far, my parting thought - taken straight from Rick's wisdom - is this.
Unbridled enthusiasm is destructive to any reform. Improving education takes a combination of curiosity, wisdom, & humility.
We need more of it today.
Something missing from the convo related to chronic absenteeism: the differential rates & impacts of excused and unexcused absences. According to data from Washington, unexcused absences are up but the % of students with 10+ unexcused absences has only changed modestly (up 1.3%)
In conclusion, whether you love choice or hate it, we need more realistic assessments of how choice impacts families and what investments are needed to ensure families bear fewer costs and secure more benefits from choice. Behavioral economics has a lot to offer here! 15/
We should be concerned w/SWD's experiences in private school choice initiatives. But let's not forget: SWDs are excluded, discriminated against and poorly served every day in TPS. It's these experiences that cause families to flee public schools when given the chance.
Before IDEA, families w children with disabilities heard, "We don't have the resources for your child. I am so sorry"
Now, voucher advocates are eager to turn back the clock to that era of exclusion
Read & listen to a TN parent's testimony. This is not "educational freedom"
As many cities search for new superintendents,
@rickhess99
cautions that *how* superintendents put their plans in place probably matters more than *what* superintendents say they want to accomplish.
According to
@jeremylsinger
the *dramatic* rise in absenteeism is equivalent to a shift of 1 extra day absent per month. Good reminder that an increase in chronic absenteeism *rates* may actually equate to a very small change in actual attendance.
Here is some additional context from MI: it’s been ~1 extra day absent per month on average. That’s pretty consistent across the board as mentioned by the NYT. So there’s been a broad shift but maybe not a fundamental change in the culture of education…
My daughter was diagnosed with “dyscalculia” after 2 years of poor, constructivist math instruction. We need to wake up to the profound consequences of poor math curriculum and instruction and the long term consequences of mathematical illiteracy.
.
@latimesopinion
gets this much right: "K-12 schools have to put the same kind of intense effort on building students’ math skills, starting at the earliest grades, that they are currently putting into reading. Math is, in its own way, just another form of literacy"
A lot of chatter recently about what it will take to reopen schools. Paul Hill and I weigh in with one piece of the puzzle that seems to be missing from these conversations: the role of trust. 1/
@ilana_horn
As an early career education researcher, the most formative experiences I had were talking to teachers about their work. It was through these conversations that I realized how large the gap is between policy and practice, assumptions and reality.
{must read} What if our efforts to control for “observables” fails to account for the factors that meaningfully impact student learning? How many supposedly causal estimates of effects would change if we adequately accounted for the gradients of disadvantage students experience?
🚨Now in
@EEPAjournal
🚨
Research from my dissertation on school choice, socioeconomic status, and stratified enrollment in Detroit!
Lots of quant and qual findings in here, but the findings are captured well in this figure:
I want to endorse a lot of this and add something else. IES has been focused on replicating a medical model of education research focused on RCTs & so-called “quasi” experimental studies. While this work is needed, it’s grossly incomplete. 1/
Must read analysis of funding reform in CA & whether dollars targeted to high needs students reach them. My take: it's a mistake to believe that restrictions limiting the use of targeted dollars to services provided to targeted students will yield good outcomes. Let me explain 1/
My failure to understand how my tastes would translate into the educational outcomes is not unusual. Human judgement is greatly influenced by biases, emotions, & social contexts. These can work to our advantage but they can result in us choosing poorly
The point isn't that we should ban schools emphasizing Progressive ideals. But we should be honest that families' preferences are not infallible - they are often based on faulty assumptions & incomplete info about the kind of education will help their children thrive.
@mattfrendewey
We can acknowledge the weaknesses in current accountability and act to address them without pretending that families are well positioned to hold schools accountable on their own.
@BernerEd
has written about international examples of how to do this in high choice systems
Today we released the most in-depth look yet at the
#pandemicpod
movement yet. Pandemic pods were borne out of crisis but along the way, families and educators gained a historic opportunity to remake education in their own visions. 1/
1) Using to choice to optimize educational opportunity is far less straightforward than it looks, even when parents have enormous resources. Did I mention our neuropsych cost $8k? 10/
Thank you
@rpondiscio
for elevating an issue too often ignored by those working to improve public schools. Here's to more fruitful conversations about the investments needed to meaningfully move the needle on instruction and outcomes.
We talk a lot about the barriers families confront to taking advantage of school choice. But one underappreciated one is that families may not be aware they have a choice. As one parent told us, "I thought my child had to go to the neighborhood school, so I was stuck."
Do we have evidence to suggest that chronic absenteeism is caused by a “deterioration in the value of attendance”? Absences have serious negative impacts on worker productivity, which is largely born by women. Count me skeptical. Signed, exhausted mom to 4 chronically absent kids
Families bear enormous switching costs in their efforts. Disruptions to friendships and community are gut wrenching. And there are no guarantees that the next school will be better. Many families will avoid these costs even if they believe the school isn’t delivering 11/
Asking about results demands we have understanding of what it's like to be a teacher in the United States. After spending the last year talking with school staff, I believe there is a profound disconnect between what people want of educators and what's actually possible. 1/
If this literally means the 7 people in the world actually calling teachers enemies should stop — yes. If it's code for "we should just be thankful teachers even show up and not ask about the results," which it often is — that's a big part of what's wrong with the K-12 discourse.
To be clear, not all children subjected to these approaches will struggle as mine did. Some will emerge unscathed thanks to some combination of natural ability and out-of-school learning. But those that are harmed, the consequences will take years to fully emerge and assess.
In athletics, we know that a rigorous training program, regular assessments of fitness, & coaching are *how* you get better. Speed, agility, & skill are key benchmarks.
Why do these things make us so uncomfortable in the context of academics?
@AdamThompsonAL
@RobertEnlow
It speaks volumes that every time I raise this question people point to public schools as if voucher supporters strive to do no better. Expect more, do more!
I worry about all the families who like me get lulled into believing that building forts in the woods will prepare their children for the future they hope for. Or those who sip the Montessori kool-aid, trusting the brand as synonymous w/an education.
I know a little about this because faulty thinking has informed my own choices about my children's schooling. Like a lot of white, affluent parents, I was drawn to schools that emphasized the principles of Progressive education...
“If we can’t implement a successful reading program in experimental settings, it’s hard to imagine how it would spread across all 1.9 million elementary school teachers working across 50,000 primary schools nationwide.”
@ChadAldeman
via
@The74
@RbnLake
Hard...but not impossible. MA achieved strong results with a traditional turnaround strategy (capacity-building supports and continuous improvement). Rather than giving up on whole-school turnarounds, need a learning agenda around why and how some strategies work.
@clconaway
Rolling the dice on your child’s academic and social emotional well being is not for the feint of heart. I’m happy to report that my daughter is thriving in public school and I can pat myself on the back that the decision was the right one. But I could have easily been wrong 8/
Why do the drivers of chronic absenteeism matter? Because they are critical to understanding possible solutions. If illness is a significant cause of absenteeism, we might spend less time talking about "nudges" & more time talking about how to catch kids up.
A lot of people seem to be framing absenteeism in terms of a foundational break in the educational contract but I have yet to see any actual data on this. I’m a mom to 4 chronically absent kids. My attitude about school hasn’t changed. What’s changed is a dramatic ⬆️ in illness
@mpolikoff
@natmalkus
Yes! The thing is: if illness is the driver, it makes a lot of sense why parents aren’t concerned. Hard to worry over something that you have no control over!
You’ve gotta admit the insanity of a world in which local restaurants are inspected 1x a year for food safety with publicly accessible findings available to the public via happy & sad faces while the places we send our children to schools get a virtual sign off & no follow up.
Trying to make sense of the fiscal impact of charter schools? Read
@matt_barnum
's piece () and this thread⚡️ “Charter School Impacts on School Districts ” by
@CRPE_UW
Appreciate this reminder from
@arotherham
to bring nuance & a healthy dose of realism to the discussion of ESAs. We cannot "unring this bell" but we can use evidence & journalism to elevate opps to improve families' experiences with choice... 🧵
ESAs, unprecedented, and precedented...
Plus new WonkyFolk where Jed and I argue, learn about PA, and discuss the incoherence of age policy. Accty in VA and MD, and 6' of nothing. More.
Check it out here:
We can't insulate education from "politics". If you got people; you got politics.
@CRPE_UW
analysis of Lessons from New Orleans reunification is a good read, but no matter the structure, politics is just part of the deal. We must deal with it.
That’s because educational interventions are hard to standardize & our efforts to do so often compromise the interventions’ efficacy. *How* people use something is as impt as *whether* they use it. Qs of how can be informed by science but this work isn’t reducible to
#s
@NateJoseph19
+1! The SOR movement has also fooled many into thinking that good, evidence-based instruction is as simple as adopting new curricula. It’s not.
While there is no playbook for what lies ahead, evidence must have a role to play in helping school systems mount effective responses to
#COVID19
. We created
@EduEvidence
to address this challenge. Researchers, join the network!