Mike Schmitt
@Schmitt_ILaw
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Prof @uniRDG_Law •Lieber Dist Scholar @WestPoint_USMA •Prof Emeritus @NavalWarCollege •Dir. Legal Aff @CyberLawInt . Views are my own.
Joined November 2014
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A plea to the int'l law community. Be respectful on social media. No one is above learning from other scholars & practitioners, even those on the other side of an issue. Use reasoned analysis, not insults, to counter views you disagree with. Engage the issue, not the person.
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Because that bridge is a lawful military objective under international humanitarian law during an international armed conflict due to its use for military purposes. Additional Protocol I, art. 52(2).
Genuine question: why is a truck bomb on a civilian infrastructure considered a legitimate act of liberation in a context of occupation and an act of terrorism in another?
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Today I retire from 40 years with our armed forces, 20 in a USAF uniform, then as an Army & Navy civilian. Such an honor to serve alongside professionals of character, compassion & courage, including my Dad. Can't pass along better lessons than these.
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International law friends and colleagues. The ICRC’s field operations are undeniably courageous and selfless. Whatever your positions on IHL or views about this and other wars, consider supporting the ICRC’s work.
We are relieved to confirm the safe release of 24 hostages.
We have facilitated this release by transporting them from Gaza to the Rafah border, marking the real-life impact of our role as a neutral intermediary between the parties.
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I don’t want to hear any more whining about how hard it is to write when you are a parent. Try doing it as a grandparent! 😆
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It's my professional honor and personal pleasure to join the faculty of the University of Reading School of Law. Wonderful group of colleagues and an institution on exactly the right trajectory.
@UniRDG_Law
@UniofReading
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Yes, the rumors are true. We are going to do a methodical review that will extend over a number of years. There will be a mechanism for general input and a robust program of State engagement. As before, T 3.0 will reflect only lex lata and will include all reasonable views.
#TallinnManual
evolution continues as
@ccdcoe
w
@Schmitt_ILaw
@liisvihul
& Marko Milanovic embarks on the road to 3.0
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My Mom certainly thinks so…. 🙂
Judge Simma during the championship round of
@The_Jessup
, asking the applicant on the use of
@TallinnManual
as a source of law: “aren’t you a bit quick to elevate the Tallinn Manual into a 38(1)(d) source.. Is
@Schmitt_ILaw
really like Grotius or Brownlie of our time?”
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No scholar or practitioner has had more influence on IHL than Yoram, not only through his writings and the projects he led but also through selfless (and demanding) mentoring. Those of us whom he took under his wing loved him like a father and will miss him deeply.
Yoram Dinstein was one of the founders of the field of international law in Israel and a towering figure. Notwithstanding many differences in view points he was in recent years supportive of my work on occupation. Unlike many other Israeli scholars he held Gaza to be occupied
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Honored to be asked to direct Tallinn Manual 3.0 by
@ccdcoe
and serve as co-general editor with the top thinkers in the field, Liis Vihul,
@CyberLawInt
CEO, & Prof. Marko Milanovic of
@UoN_Law
. Contribute by offering your comments on Tallinn Manual 2.0:
Old habits die hard, good friends are always welcome: spoke international law as it applies to cyberspace, Tallinn Manual 1,2,3, sovereignty and data as an object with
@Schmitt_ILaw
. Keep an eye on
@ccdcoe
for video. TY
@K4dr1K4sk4
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For fellow IHL folks, my thoughts on a new approach to "organized armed groups" and "mixed non-State groups" in the law of targeting. Just published in the Duke Journal of Comparative and Int'l Law.
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My thoughts on the
@amnesty
report regarding Ukrainian tactics.
@amnesty
's allegations of unlawful conduct by Ukraine are unconvincing, argues
@Schmitt_ILaw
. Without supporting evidence, citing specific rules, or laying out its legal analysis, burden of proof for these allegations has not been met.
#UkraineSymposium
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Don't worry
@IntLawBarbie
, the causal connection is too attenuated....you don't satisfy all three constitutive elements.
(I can't believe I answered this)
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French Armed Forces release international law in cyberspace position paper in English:
My commentary on it in 3 parts at:
@just_security
@ejiltalk
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I've been working with women in the US armed forces and its allies for 42 years, including with this absolutely superb officer. Tucker Carlson's comments are disrespectful of these patriots who every day put service to their nation before themselves. Unacceptable.
I’ve had 2 children while serving in the Army, deployed to 2 combat zones, advised commanders at home & in war, and graduated from the Naval War College. I can assure you, my presence does not make a mockery of the military.
If you’re looking for a mockery, look in the mirror.
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Bravo McCain for standing firm on Int'l law. John McCain sends message to Donald Trump on waterboarding - CBS News
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If you do IHL/use of force/mil ops issues, you MUST check out the Stockton e-Portal. Designed specifically for researchers & practitioners in the field. Something to add (like nat'l manual/doctrine/ICRC pubs)? Contact
@StocktonCenter
or
@IntLawStudies
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Although I disagree with the analysis and stand by my own, engaging in respectful exchanges is essential in these complex and tragic times. Thank you to
@just_security
for hosting the piece.
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My new piece, Wired Warfare 3.0, deals with the data as an "object" and the meaning of "cyber attack" debates; proposes policy to address them. Int'l Rev. of the Red Cross, now available in Cambridge Core
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"Articles of War"
@Articles_of_War
is live!! New blog on conflict law issues (ad bellum & in bello) by West Point's
@WestPoint_USMA
Lieber Institute. See inaugural pieces by LTG Pede, Ashley Deeks, Geoff Corn and myself.
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Marko Milanovic (
@UoN_Law
) and I examine the int'l law implications of COVID-19-related cyber ops & misinformation: sovereignty, intervention, due diligence, use of force, human rts. Forthcoming in
@NatSecLaw
special ed on pandemics/int'l law
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Deeply honored to receive this award from President
@KerstiKaljulaid
of Estonia, the country I have come to admire so much while working with the
@ccdcoe
. I share this with all those who contributed so much to the
#TallinnManual
.
Extremely proud to witness today our Senior Fellow, Director of
#TallinnManual
2.0 Prof Schmitt
@Schmitt_ILaw
@CyberLawInt
receive the decoration Cross of Terra Mariana, IV class, from President of Estonia 🇪🇪
@KerstiKaljulaid
Honored to have such friends! Congrats once more!
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Sad to see the scholars/practitioners who nurtured IHL in the last half century, like Leslie Green, Hays Parks, and Hans-Peter Gasser, pass on. In these troubling times, we can learn so much from their respectful approach, even when they disagreed.
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Reading “This is How They Tell Me The World Ends” by
@nicoleperlroth
. Absolute must read for anyone doing cyber law and security. Can’t put it down!
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Work on international security, use of force, military operations, IHL/LOAC, or maritime security issues? If so, subscribe to
@StocktonCenter
@IntLawStudies
, the oldest international law journal in the US, here:
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My thoughts on Estonia’s leadership in chipping away at the grey zones of international cyber law — due diligence and collective countermeasures. Joins Netherlands, UK and other key States that have begun to do so
Michael Schmitt (
@Schmitt_ILaw
) | "Estonia Speaks Out on Key Rules for Cyberspace" | June 10, 2019
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Tallinn 2.0 is out! Events on Manual this month at U Tex Law, Atlantic Council, Asser Inst, Tallinn, Canberra. Thx all involved last 7 yrs
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An incredible honor to hold a chair named for a soldier-scholar I knew well and deeply respected. Drafter of the Korean War Armistice who went on to become a giant among 20th century IHL thinkers.
Congratulations to
@Schmitt_ILaw
who is now the
@NavalWarCollege
Howard S. Levie Professor of Law and Armed Conflict
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Tallinn 2.0 on the Int'l Law Applicable to Cyber Operations to be published this week! Congrats to entire T2 team.
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Pardons for those convicted of war crimes in military courts-martial by fellow military personnel who understand the fog of war undercuts the important role IHL plays in ensuring disciplined and effective military operations
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If you work on the law of armed conflict (IHL) or are simply interested in how this law governs current conflicts, you will want to subscribe to West Point's Articles of War
@WestPoint_USMA
@Lieber_Inst
@Articles_of_War
@DeanUsma
@USArmy
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A premier journal on law and conflict, maritime security law, int'l cyber law, and more. Oldest international law journal in the US, with global contributors and global audience. Subscribe to the
@StocktonCenter
's International Law Studies
@IntLawStudies
:
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My thoughts on key challenges in applying IHL in cyberspace...and ways to address them.
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My thoughts on retaliation in international law, not only wrt the use of force, but also below that threshold. BLUF: International law never allows for a response based on a perceived need for retaliation, retribution, or punishment
.
#Iran
's strikes on
#Israel
sparked global condemnation, emphasizing
#retaliation
,
#retribution
, and
#punishment
. But
@Schmitt_ILaw
contends this escalates tensions. Both sides must recognize that international
#law
rejects such responses.
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Honored to join the Advisory Board of this important new initiative that will contribute to stability and security in cyberspace.
Today, we can announce the
#CyberPeaceInstitute
, setting a new milestone in global efforts towards de-escalating conflicts and promoting peace and stability in
#cyberspace
.
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From the Guardian: Tallinn Manual 2.0; the rulebook for cyberwar
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My draft article with
@yuvalshany1
. "An International Attribution Mechanism for Hostile Cyber Operations?" Based on a project sponsored by
@HUJICyberLaw
&
@DutchMFA
forthcoming in
@IntLawStudies
.
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States make and interpret international law in cyber space. See what is happening in the OAS space in this
@EUCyberDirect
piece by
@DuncanHollis
& colleagues
Elaborating International Law for Cyberspace
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Just finished a week in Estonia getting serious about Tallinn Manual 3.0 at the
@ccdcoe
. 12th place is way too low….
Numbeo ranks Estonia 12th in the world for the quality of life via
@estonianworld
#Estonia
#Numbeo
#qualityoflife
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I guess tweeting about cyber and forgetting the link may generate a wee credibility gap. So, here it is, the piece on my changed views regarding cyber capabilities as a weapon. . And thanks to my friend
@AdHaque110
for being a hero & riding to the rescue
Changed my mind since Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the status of cyber capabilities as "weapons". This paper with Lt Col Jeff Biller of
@AF_Academy
@StocktonCenter
explains why.
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On the occasion of the 1st anniversary of Tallinn Manual 2.0, hosted by
@DutchMFA
, few thoughts on the way ahead for states regarding int'l cyber law. See also accompanying speeches by Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs Blok & Minister of Defence Bijleveld.
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Great program of my new home
@UniofReading
@UniRDG_Law
- in partnership w/
@DutchMFA
@OEA_Cyber
&
@Cyberlawint
. Making a meaningful contribution to cyber stability through capacity-building. Top diplomats trained in cyberspace & inte… - via
@UniOfReading
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Honored to join key cyber law thinkers/practitioners in emphasizing to the UN Security Council how COVID-19 cyber operations can violate international law. via
@just_security
"Oxford Statement on the International Law Protections Against Cyber Operations Targeting the Health Care Sector"
Signed by 31 international law scholars
in advance of UN Security Council special meeting Friday
#Cyberattacks
#NotATarget
#UNSC
@EstoniaUN
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My first thoughts on the context in which the fighting is occurring. Much more from
@Articles_of_War
on IHL/ICL/IHRL in the pipeline.
What is the
#legal
context in which
#Hamas
’
#attacks
and
#Israel
’s response are taking place?
@Schmitt_ILaw
covers in his analysis the
#law
governing the
#useofforce
, classification of the
#conflict
, and the law of belligerent
#occupation
.
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Identifying the int'l law of cyberspace is Step 1. Step 2 is understanding HOW to apply it. These case studies do that by teasing loose and clarifying complex legal issues. Invaluable for legal advisers/policy-makers/operators. Bravo
@dfat
- global cyber capacity building leader
Counties unanimously agree existing international law applies in
#cyberspace
. But “how” does it apply??? These 🇦🇺 case studies touch on: breach identification; legal attribution; peaceful resolution; & lawful responses
#UNCyberOEWG
#UNCyberGGE
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#InternationalLaw
provides a firm basis for the creation of the no-fly zone Pres. Zelensky requested in
#Ukraine
.
@Schmitt_ILaw
@UniRDG_Law
discusses the history, legal basis, and consequences of no-fly zones and provides analysis in the
#UkraineSymposium
.
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Leading IHL journal, now edited by my friends and colleagues -- Russell Buchan
@lawsheffield
,
@RainLiivoja
@uqlaw
and Emily Crawford
@SydneyLawSchool
. With them at the helm, this will become a favored venue for high quality work.
We now invite contributions to Volume 10(2) of the Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, which will be published in December 2019. The deadline for submissions is 30 June 2019.
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If you do LOAC/IHL work, you need to be familiar with the Stockton e-Portal.
(Plus, subscribe to ILS and AoW )
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Changed my mind since Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the status of cyber capabilities as "weapons". This paper with Lt Col Jeff Biller of
@AF_Academy
@StocktonCenter
explains why.
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If you want to see bravery in the service of others, look to the work of the
@ICRC
. Condolences to his family and ICRC colleagues.
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My thoughts on US Cyber Command’s reported intrusions into Russian electrical grids
NYT reported on a 𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐥𝐲 significant US
#cyber
operation deep inside Russia's power grid (
@SangerNYT
@nicoleperlroth
).
Now, top cyber law expert
@Schmitt_ILaw
analyzes how int'l law and global norms apply to both Russia's and US
#CYBERCOM
's actions.
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Congrats Emily!!
Congratulations to Prof. Emily Crawford (
@SydneyLawSchool
,
@Sydney_Uni
) on being awarded the Max Planck-Cambridge Prize for International Law 2023 at
#MPIL
yesterday! 🎉
@Lauterpacht_Ctr
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Thorough analysis by
@rgoodlaw
&
@SarahKnuckey
in
@just_security
. Justice Dept Must Open Criminal Investigation Into Potential War Crimes by U.S. Mercenaries in Yemen via
@just_security
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An honor to be associated with
@IntLawStudies
, the oldest int'l law journal in the US (since 1895) and one that is relied on by int'l law policy makers, government legal advisers & scholars around the world. Published by my alma mater,
@NavalWarCollege
@StocktonCenter
@IntLawStudies
is very pleased to announce the Howard S. Levie Prof. Pete Pedrozo
@StocktonCenter
and Stockton Distinguished Scholar
@Schmitt_ILaw
as Executive Editors. Two exceptional scholars focused on our specialties – use of force, IHL, law of the sea, and maritime security.
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Very interesting....
Expelling Russia from the UN Security Council — a How-to Guide
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Pieces on this very issue coming in
@Articles_of_War
@Lieber_Inst
#UkraineSymposium
. Wolff H.v.Heinegg writing on the issue now. Spoiler, he says no.
Ukraine and Russia are party to an international armed conflict. Some states are now supplying Ukraine with military equipment. Isn’t this type of activity at risk of breaching the law of neutrality? And if this breach is sustained and systematic, do they become co-belligerents?
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This is an extraordinarily important statement. Collective countermeasures. I support the notion but now we need to set forth a strong legal argument for their permissibility. Well done Estonia.
EST President
@KerstiKaljulaid
has just explained her country’s positions on how int law applies to cyber conflicts. ‘States which are not directly injured may apply countermeasures to support the state directly affected by the malicious cyber operation’.
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My new piece on cyber election meddling in the Chicago Journal of International Law.
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My response to (yet another) claim that cyberspace is a lawless void....
Leading expert on international law and cyber responds to statement by Chief of US Naval Operations, Admiral Mike Gilda (
@USNavyCNO
) on norms in cyberspace.
NEW from
@Schmitt_ILaw
Cc:
@USFLEETCYBERCOM
@US_CYBERCOM
#cybersecurity
#cyberwar
#Cyber
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Violation of international law? Interference w/ inherently governmental function on another State’s territory & thus violation of sovereignty?Russia Jammed GPS Signals During a NATO Military Exercise. That's a Really Big Deal. - The National Interest
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An international law rock star and a world class nice guy. Welcome Marko!
At the start of this month we welcomed Marko Milanovic as our new Director and Professor of Public International Law. We will have lots in store for the next academic year!
@UniRDG_Law
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Great organization staffed by selfless humanitarians and talented professionals making a difference globally, sometimes in life or death situations. Happy birthday to the ICRC family, we are all in your debt.
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Clarity by
@alexgwhiting
. Obstruction Allegations Begin To Look More Damaging via
@just_security
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Another superb Just Security resource.
Just Security has published more than 40 articles analyzing diplomatic, legal, humanitarian & other consequences of the
#IsraelHamasWar
.
A new catalog organizes the collection into relevant topics for policymakers, researchers, journalists & the public:
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I have just learned I am worth 108 million! I am writing my resignation letter to the Reading U. Vice Chancellor today.....
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Important essay by 3 former JAGs who understand war and the centrality of discipline in achieving victory. Pardons will undermine the effectiveness of our forces.
@just_security
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My Great Uncle, Father Aloysius Schmitt. Died at Pearl Harbor. Navy Cross for saving 12 other sailors aboard the sinking USS Oklahoma. Destroyer escort USS Schmitt named after him. Admiral Nimitz attended dedication of
@lorascollege
chapel in his honor. Not a loser Mr. President.
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Thoughts on cyber by
@liisvihul
of
@CyberLawInt
, COL Gary Corn and me at
@ccdcoe
Washington event. International Law and Conflict in Cyberspace: Attribution, Consequences, and the Development of Norms
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The spin doctors on both sides of the political aisle dishonor those who served in Afghanistan. They deserve an objective assessment, not finger pointing in a political zero sum game.
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Draw your own conclusions....
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If you do LOAC, read this. I may not agree with every single word, but to not know where the ICRC stands on these issues is to lose situational awareness.
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Marko Milanovic joining Reading Law. Welcome to one of the world’s top scholars and a genuine gentleman.
We’re thrilled to announce that Professor Marko Milanovic will be joining
@UniRDG_Law
and
@UniRdg_GLAR
as Professor of Public International Law. Welcome to
@UniofReading
Marko!
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My thoughts with
@UniRDG_Law
@UniRdg_GLAR
friend and colleague Marko Milanovic on the Kerch Strait Bridge attack and the Russian response.
The attack on the
#KerchBridge
& Russia’s response raise various int’l legal issues. Marko Milanovic
@ejiltalk
&
@Schmitt_ILaw
conclude that while the attack did not violate
#IntLaw
, Russia’s response did.
#UkraineSymposium
#IHL
#LOAC
#KerchStrait
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If you do IHL, READ this thoughtful piece by
@bridgewriter
&
@rgoodlaw
The Al-Qurayshi Operation and Minimization of Civilian Casualties
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Honored to participate in cyber law capacity building program of
@DutchMFA
&
@State_Cyber
at
@Marshall_Center
as part of The Hague Process w/
@liisvihul
of
@CyberLawInt
& Prof HvHeinegg of
@viadrina
. Knowledge of international law essential to security & stability in cyberspace.
It’s a wrap - another successful week of international cyber law training by CLI. This event was sponsored by the
@DutchMFA
and
@State_Cyber
, hosted by the beautiful
@Marshall_Center
, and brought together participants from 13 countries
#thehagueprocess
#makecyberlawnotwar
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And I'm concerned the US opt-outs of LOAC and ICL regimes for tactical reasons means any US condemnation of Russian ops for AP I violations or calls for investigation under the Rome Statute (& universal juris) will ring hollow. We need to embrace LOAC & ICL for strategic reasons.
Strange that this piece does not acknowledge that the US executive branch itself took the position in 1996 that the US was legally obligated under the Geneva Conventions to exercise "present in" jurisdiction over perpetrators of grave breaches.
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With heartfelt condolences. Never doubt the exceptional courage and selflessness of those who represent the
@ICRC
around the world during disasters and armed conflict. Please generously remember this pillar of the humanitarian community during your New Year's giving.
We are profoundly saddened that two of our colleagues were among those killed in Aden's airport explosion.
One other colleague is still unaccounted for.
This is a tragic day for many families in Yemen.
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Very complex topic, one with great operational significance on the battlefield. Must read for those dealing with military cyber ops
New Situations article in
@IntLawStudies
. In "Protection of Data in Armed Conflict" Prof Robin Geiss,
@Geneva_Academy
, and Dr. Henning Lahmann,
@h_lahmann
, present a new way to view the protection of data in armed conflict.
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No more debates. Just register and vote. If you don’t., YOU are responsible for the consequences.
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My thoughts w/
@lvihul
on GGE failure. International Cyber Law Politicized via
@just_security
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Happy 100th Birthday Estonia. 🇪🇪🎉 Beautiful country, wonderful people, great nation, and international cyber law pioneer.
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My daughter tells me she and her husband watched the first 20 minutes of the debate… and then decided to switch channels to The Great British Bake Off. I raised a wise kiddo! She has a degree in elementary education and therefore had seen it all before....
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So now I have to spend my afternoon figuring out who it is so I never invite this person to anything I organize! One thing I’ve learned over the years is that great scholars are usually humble and respectful of others. And the opposite is often the case…
Just when I think I’ve seen it all in this line of work. French moderator insists on a prep call for a panel I’m speaking at, sees me on Zoom, then says “Why are you even in this arbitration panel? Who are you and what can you even know about climate change and arbitration?”
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I could not agree more w/
@AdHaque110
. Arguing that there is no customary rule v. reprisals is increasingly unconvincing. As importantly, there is no military rationale for conducting them. The strategic cost to the United States of conducting a reprisal would be catastrophic.
The United States still claims the legal right to attack civilians, indispensable objects, and the natural environment as reprisals against its enemies.
The Biden Administration can change that. It should.
Enough is enough.
My latest
@just_security
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My analysis of
@DutchMFA
ltr to Parliament on int'l law in cyberspace. Most robust statement by any state, it follows the French Min. of Armies doc on same subject. States are finally starting to speak out! See my
@just_security
&
@ejiltalk
posts for analysis of French position
Authoritative analysis from leading expert
@Schmitt_ILaw
on major Dutch contribution to international law in
#cyberspace
.
Topics include sovereignty, use of force, laws of war, human rights, attribution and responses to hostile cyber ops.
#cybersecurity
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My thoughts on sharing intelligence and whether, and if so when, doing so triggers an armed conflict.
When does intelligence sharing trigger an international armed conflict between the State providing it & the State against which it is used?
@Schmitt_ILaw
@uniRDG_Law
proposes assessing four factors in determining the answer.
#UkraineSymposium
#IHL
#LOAC
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A few thoughts about the person to whom I so very much, professionally and personally, Professor Yoram Dinstein
Professor Yoram Dinstein was a giant of international law, especially with regard to the
#jusadbellum
and the law of
#armed
#conflict
.
@Schmitt_ILaw
remembers his mentor, critic, sounding board, and friend.
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My thoughts on the legal issues raised by the planned but aborted airstrikes on Iran in
@just_security
New Expert Backgrounder
"Top Expert Backgrounder: Aborted U.S. Strike, Cyber Operation Against Iran and International Law"
By
@Schmitt_ILaw
(
@NavalWarCollege
@WestPoint_USMA
)
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This is a comprehensive discussion of the legal issues that surface in large scale combat operations. I strongly recommend that all military advisors and anyone else who deals with such operations read it carefully and then disseminate it widely to their colleagues.
LSCOs present unique
#legal
questions that must be considered. Lakmini Seneviratne,
@ZeithAbby
& Kosuke Onishi (
@ICRC
) emphasise the
#preventive
power of the
#GenevaConventions
& need for States to anticipate & minimize
#human
suffering during
#LSCOs
.
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For a start, check out the pubs of
@HADurhamICRC
Gabby Blum, Jelena Pejic,
@BlankLaurie
@NazModirzadeh
Emily Crawford, Lindsey Cameron,
@CDroegeICRC
,
@Heikekrieger2
@larimatsu10
@MonicaHakimi
@HelenDuffy_HRP
@harrisondinniss
AND the Int'l Review of the Red Cross archives.
As I put together the reading for the syllabus for the IHL course that I'm teaching in November, I realise (again) how very male-dominated this field is. Hit me with your favourite articles, written by women scholars on COH, principles, detention, targeting, classification etc.
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Some musings on the nature of IHL in the International Review of the Red Cross. (With appreciation to
@bdemeyereicrc
and his great team at the Review).
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Obviously, I disagree with Adil for reasons explained in our longer
@IntLawStudies
piece. But I recommend reading his thoughtful thread carefully, as well as Martin Zwanenberg’s ILS piece on CA1. Serious lawyers consider all reasonable views
Skipping to the end:
There is no chance whatsoever that the Court would repudiate its 2004 opinion and almost two decades of state practice in the UNGA.
Germany chose its legal strategy wisely.
The facts are another matter.
6/6
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An incredibly comprehensive and sophisticated analysis of the destruction of the dam in occupied Ukrainian territory. Well worth the read.
The destruction of the
#NovaKhakovka
dam in
#Ukraine
is a major
#humanitarian
&
#ecological
disaster. As
@MaraTignino
,
@tadessemogesk
, and
@CarolinePellat2
argue, it represents a violation of various obligations under
#IHL
,
#IHRL
, and
#environmental
#law
.
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My thoughts with Louise Arimatsu of
@LSELaw
on "necessity" as a legal basis for responding to hostile cyber ops
New article in
@IntLawStudies
: In "The Plea of Necessity: An Oft Overlooked Response Option to Hostile Cyber Operations," Louise Arimatsu and Michael Schmitt (
@Schmitt_ILaw
) examine an overlooked way that States can respond to hostile cyber operations.
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My thoughts on weapons transfers, neutrality, co-belligerency, use of force.
@Articles_of_War
@Lieber_Inst
Next in our
#UkraineSymposium
,
@Schmitt_ILaw
discusses the provision of materiel and other assistance to
#Ukraine
. He distinguishes between breaches of
#neutrality
, becoming a party to the conflict, and assistance as a use of force.
#IHL
#LOAC
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