Roberto Busi
@robbert115
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Bob's dad Weed Scientist at UWA @AHRI_Team Australiano
Perth, WA
Joined March 2009
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Ammonium sulfate does add to glufosinate efficacy: the more the better. Photos: ARG survivors to a double knock 2L + 2L Biffo w/ treatments 10 days apart.
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Couple of years with no herbicide in a wheat - canola - wheat rotation on sand. Initial ryegrass was 4 plants / sqm. It’s not possible to grow a crop with no herbicide input in no-till <end of story>
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On a pretty rainy day in Perth, Saturday arvo pots inspection.
From left to right: Untreated (left), Sakura 100g ai + Brodal 66g ai (middle), Mateno Complete 1L (right). Applied post-emergence to 1 tiller ARG 4 weeks ago.
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During the Xmas break I have done a pot experiment to assess spike activity on ryegrass from a series of group G and new pre-emergence herbicides 1/10
GR = glyphosate resistant
GPR = gly and paraquat resistant
S = sensitive
[values are % control, visual, 3 reps]
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If you have glyphosate (and paraquat) resistance: stop using glyphosate and mix the paraquat with a residual product. See photos 👇👇👇👇👇👇 on a ryegrass case study.
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Some photos on glyphosate efficacy impacted by resistance, hard water, physical incompatibility with 2,4-D amine and the importance of AMS to reduce antagonism. 6 pots on the left are sensitive ARG vs 6 pots with resistance on the right. Photo here is UTC.
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Final outcomes on a small "Xmas break" study on paraquat resistant fleabane: photos are end result of double knocks with glufosinate + 5 PPO's (at comparable rates) + Hasten 1%v/v + AMS (1% fb 10% kg/100L).
👇👇👇 photos of each PPO (Group 14/G) from a different perspective.
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It's a pilot study but, I wasn't expecting such an effective interaction paraquat-pyroxasulfone on paraquat-resistant ryegrass treated at 2-leaf stage. Data are % control observed. What do you think? It's a pilot study pls don't send Will Smith to slap me :-)
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During the Xmas break, I did two small glasshouse studies to learn about Basta (glufosinate, Group 10) action in combination with other MoA (Group 1 and 5). The three-way mix delivered 100% control on resistant ryegrass (left bottom corner of photo). See 👇👇 for deets.
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Glyphosate and clethodim mixture does appear to significantly reduce resistance to either herbicide in annual ryegrass. It's likely to be useful when resistance is in 'developing' stages.
Mix, rotate and test for diverse solutions
@resistance_test
@UWAresearch
@WeedSmartAU
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What a difference can make the % AMS used in combination with glufosinate. Here some photos of final outcomes of double-knock (400g ai glufosinate at each "knock"). The only difference was the % AMS used in the 1st knock.
@hudsontakano
@Gaines_ToddA
what do you think?
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No resistance to the Boxer Gold + trifluralin mix in 2022. Really pleasing to see our
@AHRI_Team
research from a couple of years ago confirmed: It's difficult for ryegrass to survive group 3 and 15 herbicide mixtures.
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500ml Luximax + 200 ml Voraxor. Virtually no survival in annual ryegrass.
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We kick off the 6th season of the
@AHRI_team
@theGRDC
with a new paper reporting the loss of trifluralin resistance following repeated use of prosulfocarb.
[thread...]
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The spectacular journey of Mateno Complete applied post-emergence at 1L/ha to 400 ryegrass samples on 17th May at UWA
@AHRI_Team
. Ryegrass density was very large (ranging to an equivalent of 5,000 - 12,000 seedlings per sqm).
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Luximax (cinmethylin, Group T - 30) appears as the most effective breaker of multiple-resistance in 2021. Ultro (carbetamide) also very effective.
[500 annual ryegrass samples screened with treatments applied 4 weeks ago]
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Indaziflam (Group 29) is a new product specific for fenceline (registration pending). Here applied pre-em delivered 100% control against ryegrass dual paraquat and glyphosate resistant ryegrass.
Photos are a side-by-side comparison of untreated (left) and treated (right).
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Glyphosate resistance detected 2 years ago in ryegrass: Sheep + Paraquat + Terrad'or. Now sown to wheat with Overwatch IBS. Plan executed to perfection. Well done Dani!
#keepthesheep
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Aclonifen interaction with bromoxynil is spectacular. With its negligible resistance, bromoxynil will maintain Mateno forever Complete on wild radish. Happy to be proven wrong :-)
[photo 400g ai/ha aclonifen + 200 g ai/ha brom vs untreated]
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Voraxor 200ml + 750ml Mateno Complete: 100% control.
400 ARG samples, 40,000 seeds treated and not a single survivor. Herbicide action still ongoing 6WAT. Plants emerge and then are killed as none can establish and grow. Trays kept well watered (rain + manual watering).
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A pleasure to present today at Liebe Spring Field Day. Discussed the great value of paraquat to manage weeds and resistance.
A ban on the current safe use of paraquat would greatly damage grains growers and create unjustified Ag challenges. We can't afford to lose paraquat!
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Double knock done right can result in 100% control of dual glyphosate and paraquat resistant ryegrass. This was 3L/ha Crucial followed by 2L Gramoxone 250+2.5L Boxer Gold+125ml Terrain Flow+1% Hasten. See below how poor the control was with “watering” stand-alone options.👇
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In the field today I found this small patch missed by the pre-em herbicide (propyzamide) last growing season in canola. One miss and the area absolutely swamped by weeds (ryegrass).
To me a pretty clear example that growing crops without herbicides is unsustainable <period>.
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Is it more effective to use Voraxor in the 1st knock (glyphoaste or paraquat) or in the 2nd knock (with paraquat) to control ryegrass and mitigate resistance?
Here 👇some photos which visually clearly point and suggest greater efficacy achieved by mixing Voraxor in the 1st knock!
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Same scenario when Paraquat is mixed with Overwatch (bixlozone). The mixture of OW and PQT appears synergistic and able to overcome paraquat resistance in ryegrass. More to come on this topic....
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Sensitive ryegrass sprayed 4 days ago: left is glyphosate only (3L Crucial/ha) vs right glyphosate + 2,4-D (3L Crucial + 1L/ha Ester 680). Interesting to see such a color difference within a short period of time. Ryegrass sprayed with glyph only showing already its sensitivity.
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Side by side efficacy comparison of gramoxone 360 pro (left) Vs gramoxone 360 pro w/ 0.25% BS1000 (right). 600ml/ha 2WAT.
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Intrigued to see that in pots 50% of 20 ryegrass samples affected by clethodim resistance (500ml/ha+1%hasten), are much suppressed or controlled when clethodim is applied in a mix with atrazine (1.1kg+500ml+hasten).
Field evidence suggests the opposite but can't see it in pots.
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Sakura Flow 210ml + 1500ml trifluralin/ha. Outstanding. Most of the 500 samples from WA (35 SA ; 40 VIC).
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Sakura + tref mix is a winner against ryegrass resistance to one or the other active [thread with stand-alone options against the same 20 ARG populations. 6 WAT].
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In a recent large survey study across WA glyphosate resistance climbed to a worrying 13%. In 2020 we had only observed 3%!
I think this result is beyond an expected fluctuation and we should make sure it’s not becoming a trend.
Mix, rotate and test for resistance.
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100ml vs 200ml Voraxor against dual glyph and paraquat resistant ryegrass: at the 200ml rate 100% efficacy (5WAT applied to 2 leaf ryegrass).
Never seen such a high efficacy at same rate in a mix with either glyph or paraquat as a 2nd (delayed) knock on “grown-up” ryegrass….
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Ryegrass highly resistant to glyph and paraquat. I’ve done quite a bit of work in the last 3 seasons and this is interesting. In photo ryegrass surviving 3L Crucial (left side of punnet) vs 3L Gramoxone250 (right side). Check 👇 next tweet the difference adding 1% Hasten made!
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Ryegrass highly resistant to glyph and paraquat. Last week I have shown the difference adding 1% Hasten made. Now a series of photos to show the additive effect from a pre-emergence herbicide (but no Hasten) with Glyphosate 1800gai (left) or Paraquat 750 g ai (right).
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Ryegrass doesn't know pre-em herbicides have different prices. In the photo side by side comparison between triallate (top) and prosulfocarb (bottom). The treatment is very close in terms of cost/ha but outcome incredibly different due to > prosulfocarb dosage. 7 paddocks tested
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Left photo is a big rate of glyphosate (5L) on ryegrass
-vs-
Right glyphosate (1.5L) + spike with Voraxor at 100ml rate.
Both sprayed in optimal conditions, same time, same ryegrass 2-leaf stage. On Friday we will also discuss the ~ 350 data points behind this here at UWA 1pm
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Trying to do more (weed control) with less (no herbicide) is not sustainable. This photo shows "How it started" 👇👇👇 see below how well it's going...
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if you are in Perth and want to inspect some UWA resistance testing for annual ryegrass please DM me (from today onwards up to July 3rd). Already ~40 ppl between agros and industry have visited and were happy. Any day should be good.
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This year we are seeing a surge in glyphosate resistance in ryegrass. This photo shows what left surviving 1,800g active/ha! (3L glyph 600g/L). Friday 1 pm here at UWA with
@peterdnewman
we will present and discuss resistance management with many from industry. Everyone welcome!
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Paraquat full rate on 4 ARG populations (1 population clearly resistant to pqt). 3 reps for each of the 4 populations.
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From left to right double knock with 2L and 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% AMS. Visual suppression of biomass went from 85% to 93%, 94%, 99%. Next is to check with deionized (rain) water to possibly understand further. Thanks to
@kenflower7
for the initial input to do this small trial.
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4 WAT. Left is 2L Biffo** (400gai / ha generic glufosinate), middle is Terrador 40g (28 g/ha tiafenacil +1%MSO) and right is 100% control achieved by their synergistic mix (2L+40g+MSO). We will test for this use pattern in 3 weeks time in our 2023 testing of ~ 400 ARG samples.
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In the last 2 years I’ve studied field management of glyph and paraquat resistance by using mixtures. Mixing paraquat with a number of actives can strongly reduce resistance. 👇 photos of mixing partners applied solo 2 weeks ago. See who brings what to the table. UTC 1st photo
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A couple of examples of ryegrass populations resistant to trifluralin and the contrast with the control delivered by Voraxor 200ml/ha when it is added to trifluralin in a mixture.
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Quite a few new and old pre-em herbicides remain immune to resistance selection in ryegrass: e.g. in 2022 we have Ultro (carbetamide), Rustler/Dargo (propyzamide), Luximax (cinmethylin) and Devrinol (napropamide). Virtually no emergence after full rate stand-alone test.
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@EsercitoCrucian
Io mi sento gia di 67 anni. Mi potete pagare la pensione?
Grazie in anticipo.
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No resistance Reflex at 750ml/ha rate in our 80 samples of WA wild radish. Spectacular activity and efficacy.
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Spectacular results of Mateno Complete 1L/ha POST emergence on 1.5 leaf ryegrass. 4WAT. About 400 samples tested (20-40 seedlings treated so massive equivalent density per sqm!). Watered daily, glasshouse, summer photo period. This is an option offered in winter 2023 testing.
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Are herbicide mixtures unaffected by resistance? A new paper from me and Hugh Beckie
@AHRI_Team
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Four glyphosate resistant samples (out of 4 tested) collected on 'morrel' soils of WA.
Almost no plants is dying to 1.5L Crucial (susceptible 5th pot on rhs is fully killed instead).
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20 populations of ryegrass with a level of resistance to both clethodim and glyphosate are killed by the mixture of the two herbicides (applied at same dosage).
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From left: Brodal (diflufenican) 200ml, Polo (MCPA) 1000ml, Jaguar 1000ml (coform diflufenican + bromoxynil), Jaguar 10000ml + Polo 500ml. One of the most resistant 2022 radish killed by a mix. Overall frequency of highly Jaguar resistant radish drops from 9% to 1% if MCPA used
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First case of IMI resistant brome grass in WA. The photo shows two populations of susceptible brome grass (left and right) and two populations in the middle resistant to Intervix (3 reps and 2 sequential applications at 500ml/ha fb 1,000ml/ha). Very concerning but...
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Wild radish vs Mateno Complete (co formulated pyroxasulfone, diflufenican, aclonifen) at 1L/ha: no survival across all samples tested. 3WAT.
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Gram by gram comparison between diflufenican (left) and picolinafen (right) on wild radish. From top row to bottom 10 g ai/ha, 20g, 30g, 40g across 3 levels of resistance: within each tray highly resistant left, low resistance middle and sensitive o the right.
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Side by side comparison of wild radish emergence and wheat. Left two pots are untreated - Vs- right pots treated with Sakura Flow 210ml/ha.
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Paraquat in 2022 (1.5L/ha Gramoxone 250 + 0.5 BS1000). Two WA ryegrass confirmed and reconfirmed resistant. 7DAT. Spectacular efficacy on everything else.
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Side-by-side comparisons of susceptible (left) and resistant (centre-right) ARG to a lethal paraquat rate (430gai/ha). 10DAT. 4 reps. 8-10 seedlings per rep. 2-3leag stage.
Check below 👇👇👇 how the same ryegrass responded to a pqt mix applied on the same day.
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Symptoms of strong herbicide toxicity delivered by the new herbicide bixlozone on annual ryegrass. The idea is to fully characterise how different populations (from susceptible to multi-resistant) will ‘react’ to its repeated use over time.
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Spectacular activity of Shirquat at 2L/ha + BS1000 wetter on abut 400 ryegrass samples tested here in 2023. But … 👇👇😢
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And so 2022 brings high-level paraquat resistance in annual ryegrass in WA (photo 10 DAT: weed control of the two WA resistant < 20% to paraquat 250 g ai/ha). Sensitive control fully killed.
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Response to glufosinate of paraquat-resistant 10cm tall fleabane (7DAT) - Untreated control first. It appears there is some small additive response to increasing % of AMS. And then a quantum leap by adding saflufenacil (Gr. 14).
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Visual difference observed in pots between tank mixed Sakura Flow + Brodal (left) on barley and wheat vs 1L/ha Mateno Complete (right). 10DAT. Both applied post-emergence. Tank mix Sakura + Brodal is causing significant crop effect to barley (Titan AX) and wheat (Scepter).
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Trifluralin resistance on the rise in WA (~40% R samples in the bottom row). Mixtures of trifluralin with triallate (mid bottom row), prosulfocarb (mid-top row) or pyroxasulfone (top row) provide excellent control of developing resistance in ryegrass. Mix full doses & test for it
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Want to see first-hand the response of WA wild radish to 22 herbicides?
Drop in Friday 16th and/or 23rd April at
@AHRI_Team
@UWAresearch
We check plants together. 7am - 8am. Herbicides from group B, C, F, G, H, I, M solo vs tank mix vs pre-mix vs tank + pre-mix. See you then
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Overwatch vs atrazine vs Overwatch + atrazine mix. Damage already occurring to the ryegrass with the mix - 10 DAT.
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Group H resistance in wild radish: spray them small!
Photos: UTC vs full dose. Susceptible control (left), developing resistant (centre) and highly resistant (right). Plants sprayed 6 days apart (2 vs 4 leaf radish). Full story at Perth Crop Updates from Bowen
@AHRI_Team
student
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In Australia professors and weed scientists go to the paddock to share their research, learn from farmers and come back home with some more work to do. Thank you to growers who came out yesterday and MADFIG for a well organised field walk.
Had a great time today looking at
@robbert115
’s field trial on glyphosate resistant ryegrass in the Western Australia wheat belt; options for controlling ryegrass prior to planting. Some interesting results!
@AHRI_Team
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Most effective wetter for paraquat appears to be generic BS1000-like adding extra punch against resistance.
Photos 👇👇 - same paraquat rate (500g ai/ha) of a paraquat 250 applied to resistant ARG comparing: no wetter, Wetter1000, Hasten, Uptake and Pro700. 4 reps, 2 populations.
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Testing season starts with wild radish and 4 pre-em treatments: Callisto, Reflex, Atrazine and Callisto + Overwatch. Many other post-em will follow. Very excited to see what we’ll find.
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Four new ARG samples resistant paraquat (and glyphosate) confirmed in 2024 from WA. Last year it was only two.
There is plenty of
@AHRI_Team
@SAgE_UWA
work on ryegrass atm I was thinking to show to those interested on Friday May 31 after lunch at 1pm?
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When Atrazine was mixed with
#Overwatch
applied at full rate annual ryegrass control was nearly 100% and no resistance .
Bixlozone + atrazine deliver synergistic herbicide action due to their MoA both interfering with light. We will try such a mix in the field in 2022.
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Starting with untreated ryegrass (left) vs 3L Crucial (glyphosate) applied to 3 reps of sensitive and 6 reps of resistant ARG. Some ryegrass shows its resistance to this high rate (1,800 g ai/ha). See 👇🏻👇🏻 glyphosate efficacy at each step when we add AMS or 2,4-D ester or both.
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Massive activity of
#Overwatch
+ Paraquat mix on paraquat-resistant ryegrass!
Here photo of UTC: ARG resistant to glyphosate (left), ARG resistant to paraquat and glyphosate (middle) and ARG susceptible (right).
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Velocity at 1L/ha up against some of the WA-worst wild radish with a broad cross-resistance profile including B, C, F, I herbicide groups. Large radish plants 3-4 leaves sprayed 2 weeks ago with low coverage. 7 plants in each pot (700 plants/sqm). S p e c t a c u l a r!
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Friday June 11th 7am at
@uwanews
@UWAresearch
: 2021 herbicide resistance update for annual ryegrass. 28 herbicide treatments compared to each other
#luximax
,
#overwatch
#ultro
#arcade
#sakura
#trifluralin
#glyphosate
#clethdodim
and several mixtures. A
@GRDCWest
funded project.
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Is paraquat-resistant fleabane photoblastic (in extreme need of light in order to germinate and come out of seed dormancy)? See 👇 couple of photos where I’ve simply rolled some flowers with seed on top of wet soil without covering the seed vs seeds covered by 1-2mm potting mix
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Loved every second of our field walk this morning looking at a challenging very hard to kill gly and pqt resistant ryegrass. Next up is near Merredin 21st June. Brent Pritchard is numero uno! Thanks to COGGO, Bayer, FMC, Nufarm for sponsoring the trial.
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2022 shades of purple in ryegrass. There is something else - other than OW - that can make your ryegras going purple
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Glufosinate 2022: after two sprays ryegrass control was good. Tested in June in a glasshouse (mean temp. 17C and rel. humidity 70%). 3L/ha followed by 2L/ha (both sprays with +2% BS1000). Will repeat in warmer spring-summer conditions to check on activity and learn some more.
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Quantum leap occurred in pots by adding (to gufosinate 400 g ai + 1% AMS and 1% Hasten) a saflufenacil-based product at spike rates (14-15 g ai / ha). In the field this should hold true by using full rates.
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Very short timelaspe story of 3 days after paraquat treatment. 1 photo every 3 minutes for 2hr/day. Three samples are resistant and are on the come back after 3 days only, while all the rest is flattened by 500g ai (2L Gramx250/ha).
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Effect of second knock comparing 3 rates of paraquat vs same 3 rates of diquat (250,500,750 g ai) on paraquat-resistant fleabane. One step closer to estimate LD50 values and find a simple solution to control it.
Paraquat data: kill rate is very low and much compromised by resistance. On the contrary, diquat can restore control of resistance. I am curious to see what the second knocks will brings (the goal is to find a diquat solo rate or pattern to restore 100% efficacy).
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Gram by Gram comparison of Voraxor, Terrain Flow, Terrador and (Terrain + Terrador) mix against tillering ryegrass (and about to flower). Rates compared: 28, 90, 350 g ai / ha. Photos taken at 3WAT and 4WAT. Ryegrass glyph and pqt resistant: at what rate can we stop seed set?
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Barely grass final update of resistance in WA:
Intervix 3%
SU’s 23%
Glyphosate 0%
Quizalofop 3%
Clethodim 6%
IMPORTANT: No multiple resistance (Group A and B stacked in field populations). Nowhere near what ryegrass can do!
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Total love for
@Gaines_ToddA
and F Dayan course on herbicide selectivity and action! I have stolen this slide showing how effective is MSO in dissolving leaf waxes.
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Gram by gram comparisons between Terrain (flumioxazin, left 6 pots) and Voraxor (co-form of saflufencil+trifludimoxazin 2/3+1/3, right 6 pots). Both applied pre-emergence on F resistant wild radish. Voraxor comes on top each and every time at each rate tested. 6WAT👇👇👇
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Nearly perfect ryegrass control with the mixture of glyphosate and clethodim (+1% hasten). Full label rates for glyphosate tolerant canola.
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Different speed of kill of 3 group G/14 products (different g ai/ha as well) of fleabane. Resistant - isolated few plants - fried already by all of them (left), sensitive (right).
Top os Reflex 750ml, middle Terrad’or 20g, bottom Voraxor 200ml. 1% Hasten used for all. 6DAT.
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One month after the first paraquat spray: resistant ARG receiving 3 pqt knocks (500g ai each). Left is paraquat 360 + 0.5% Uptake oil, right is just paraquat 360. Different outcome already evident after 1 knock and it grew bigger. What about a paraquat 250? See next...
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I did a ml-by-ml comparison study of Callisto and Voraxor (+/- Sakura) to understand whether Sakura (or another ryegrass pre-emergent like Overwatch) could help delay herbicide resistance in wild radish (by delivering an overall better control). In summary I found that:👇👇👇
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Difference MSO can make when using paraquat at proposed reduced rates.
Resistant ryegrass plants sprayed 3 days ago at the new maximum rate of paraquat proposed by APVMA (231g ai/ha). Left photo is paraquat (250g/L type) - right is same paraquat rate with 1% MSO.
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🔝 strategy to manage multiple resistance in wild radish: mixture of multiple (four) modes of herbicide action.
Velocity (bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole) + picolinafen + MCPA.
Three MoA interacting synergistically to disrupt photosynthesis and killing all weeds selectively post-em.
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[Thread: 1/12] Over the next 2 years as part of
@AHRI_Team
I will lead a study funded by
@GRDC
involving many growers and advisers based in WA.
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Is lupins receiving a low dose of Overwatch going to yield better? In this experiment it grew taller than untreated.
From left to right : 6.25, 12.5, 25, 0 ml OW / ha applied to Barlock lupins. Grown outdoors in July and moved same glasshouse after treatment (UTC included).
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Rex has started his PhD in
@AHRI_Team
working with me, Danica and Hugh on ARG resistance. He is very knowledgeable in broadacre crop protection RDE (not just weeds). An highly anticipated win-win....
We spent whole morning looking at summer weeds. Fun! 😃
#wikirex
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