Peter Powell
@powell_peter
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Charity CEO: @welshdeetrust / @DyfrdwyCymru Our objective: A river Dee free of pollution and full of wildlife
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Our objective
@WelshDeeTrust
is:
'A river Dee free of pollution and full of wildlife'.
As an organization we see our priority as making the tangible changes on the ground that benefit the river.
Here's a 🧵 about what that looks like.
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A photo of one of our habitat restoration sites from last week.
The brash is pinned in to stop erosion of the bank but will also provide homes for invertebrates and cover for fish.
Willow is included, this will sprout into new trees to make the structure alive and permenant.
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One of the farms we are working with has started cleaning ditches in a new way.
Rather than one long ditch, it now alternates between shallow and deep.
This creates pools of deeper slower flowing water where pollutants such as sediments and pesticides filter out.
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A video of the absolute nightmare scenario on the river taff. Burst sewer underneath a river.
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Before and after photos from one of our habitat restoration schemes.
The wood has been added to the river to provide cover for fish and homes for wildlife.
It includes live Alder cuttings that will grow into trees.
The new fence will reduce grazing to allow trees to establish.
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Last week, there were at least 3 slurry-based pollution incidents in Wales. Each one would have been devastating to the wildlife living in the river.
An essential question for Welsh rivers:
What is slurry, and how do we stop it from getting into rivers?
Here is a 🧵.
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Gravel is the unsung hero of healthy rivers.
I think it is (almost) as important for river wildlife as the water that flows over the top.
The sediments, pebbles rocks and stones are vital to healthy rivers but they are also under threat.
Read on to find out why 👇
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If I were running for government next year (I'm not), I would think about putting these five things in my manifesto to help UK's rivers.
1. Payments for farmers to store water during floods to help during droughts.
-Rainwater harvesting
-Wetland creation.
-Peat re-wetting
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I have seen quite a lot of misinformation about agricultural pollution this week.
So here is a 🧵on what I've learnt during the last 11 years working with farms to tackle pollution.
*sorry not many pictures as most of that work has been confidential, so here's a nice🐄pic.
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We are on the final push to finish all our instream habitat restoration sites.
Work stops over winter to avoid disturbing fish during spawning or damage fish eggs.
Large pieces of wood going in here to create fish cover, reduce bank erosion and provide dead wood for bugs.
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Another habitat restoration site finished this week.
Installation of electric fencing to stop livestock accessing the river.
This will allow trees to establish (we may plant some to kick start), which will give shade to cool water, and leaves to feed invertebrates.
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Here are five things you can do to help save rivers in your home:
👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇
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Yesterday the Atlantic Salmon was officially classified as Endangered in the UK.
So if nothing changes the species will go extinct, for the Dee this means losing one of its iconic species.
Here's a thread about what needs to change to save this species:
BREAKING NEWS: Freshwater fish highlight escalating
#climate
impacts on species -
@IUCNRedList
#COP28
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A video of migrating Salmon on the Dee at the redundant Erbistock weir.
Each failed jump wastes energy and increases the risk of predation.
Every UK river has a man-made barrier and each one removed is a win for restoring nature.
📸
@olylowe
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A large piece of wood pinned into place at one of our habitat restoration sites.
The wood creates a diverse range of flows, both fast and slow.
The flows will rearrange the gravel creating new riffles and pools.
This diversity is great for 🐟 fish.
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What flows down a river?
Water obviously,
but also wood and sediment (gravel).
If any of these 3 things are missing then a river can become unhealthy very quickly.
A 🧵about healthy river habitat. A really important aspect of restoring river wildlife.
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If you are struggling to build the houses because of flooding, then it's probably not a good place to build houses. 🤦
The Florence Fields development in the Parkway area of King's Lynn has been hit by delays after suffering extensive flooding on the construction site. 👇 Full story
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Had a photo sent to me of an algal bloom in Llyn Tegid yesterday.
Wales's largest lake and home to lots of rare wildlife.
This is the result of excess nutrient from pollution essentially fertilizing the lake causing the algal growth.
Not good and the lake deserves better!
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This is the outfall of a drain into the river Gwenfro. A beautiful river that goes through the middle of Wrexham.
Unfortunately, it's also a pathway of pollution into the river.
Here is a 🧵about a drain!
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Pretty horrendous pollution from an old mine in West Wales.
There are lots of old mines across Wales many of them causing ongoing pollution of rivers and needing expensive remediation.
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Have you ever heard of river re-wriggling?
It is one of the greatest tools we have to help save river wildlife.
This is because river wildlife needs natural free flowing rivers.
This means rivers with bends, deep pools, deadwood, trees and riffles.
River rewiggling update (from The Lakes series)
@salfordhydro
says
@nationaltrust
#rewiggling
of
#GoldrillBeck
has been completed. It's no longer straight against the road - now it “wiggles” through the floodplain & trees and is a fantastically diverse river channel.
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Amazing comparison of marine fish speeds.
Internet needs more of this type of content.
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Two different tributaries of the Dee on the same day.
It had been raining heavily all day.
Look at the massive difference in the water quality of the two rivers!
One clear & one full of sediment.
These additional sediments clog gravels and carry excess phosphate.
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Wood in rivers is vital for its biodiversity.
This study found a tenfold increase in fish abundance near wood and a 35% increase in invertebrates.
Here is a thread on why wood in rivers is so important to biodiversity.
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A brown trout.
To survive, grow big and reproduce this guy needs:
clean water,
clean gravels,
shade,
cover from predators
lots of invertebrate food.
I.e. everything a clean and healthy river should contain
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This is a video of a brook as it passes alongside a maize field.👇
The first discharge is water coming from a land drain, and the second is from overland flows.
The colour changes from clear to murky brown with all the additional sediment.
A short 🧵 about maize 🌽
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In 2023 raw sewage was discharged into the river Dee for a cumulative 51,165 hours!
A river which is a special area of conservation for its freshwater wildlife.
A truly shocking figure, that everybody agrees is unacceptable.
So, what needs to happen for it to stop?
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This photo of what was once a hedgerow.
It is now just a few trees in a line and a slight mark in the field
The hedge wasn't grubbed out, but sadly, it faded away as the fence collapsed and new growth grazed
Why can't we just put it back? Read on to find out 👇
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Today has been a bit shit.
There has been a very significant pollution incident on the river Alun in Mold.
Lots of photos shared with me of dead fish in the river and videos of and invertebrates struggling at the edges.
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This is a sustainable drainage system.
All the water that runs off the nearby drains into this basin.
This gives it chance for pollutants to settle out and it evens out flood peaks.
A great system, all road drains should have them.
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This (to put it mildly) is stretching the truth.
This type of polarizing argument doesn't help.
People with experience of sheep, will look at this and think: he's lying.
This feeds a narrative that environmentalists are not to be trusted, making mine and others jobs harder.
Did you know that when you turn on the tap in your home you’re very possibly drinking water laced with highly toxic sheep dip? So here’s another reason why sheep are a curse in the landscape. Just a few drops of sheep dip dripping from a wet sheep into a stream will kill all the
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Very lucky to go swimming in a truly beautiful clean and healthy river today.
Imagine if every river in the UK looked like this 😍
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This sort of polarizing statement is so damaging to work to protect the environment.
This is absolutely best practice, providing soil improvement and insect food for the months it's growing.
Attacking this will turn most people off because the alternative is no food at all.
All the insects and other life, gone in an instant.
No wonder nature is crashing.
#ecocide
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There are two types of people on Twitter working to improve the environment.
Type 1: Doing stuff outside to help and talking about it.
Type 2: Telling type 1 they are doing it wrong.
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An old oak post put in 40+ years ago.
Still solid as a rock.
New strainer post put in less than 5 years ago.
Completely rotten.
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Part of our objective
@welshdeetrust
is a river full of wildlife and much of our work focuses on endangered fish species such as salmon and eels.
One of the actions we are doing to help is restoring riverbank habitat.
A short 🧵 on why we hope this will make an impact?
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Can we please move beyond:
'I looked out the window and didn't see a bird, biodiversity is ruined, farmers are evil'
Or
' I saw a bird on the farm yesterday, there is loads of biodiversity, environmentalists are liars'
It is an awful way to talk about the issues.
Do better.
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This doesn't need a consultation. Just do it already.
Wet wipes containing plastic break down into microplastics over time, which can be harmful to the environment and human health.
We've launched a consultation to ban them across the UK and deliver on our commitments set out in our
#PlanForWater
.
📰:
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Making hay bales is one of the nicest things in life.
Stacking the bloody things is one of the worst.
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So sad to see what we have lost.
This 36 and a half pound salmon was landed on the river Wye by angler Billy Lane , caught at Martins Pool, between Hereford and Monmouth. He battled the monster for 45 minutes and his bait was prawns with a 20 lb breaking strain line.
16th April 1975
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A new-ish
@WelshDeeTrust
habitat restoration site.
Fenced Autumn 2023 to stop livestock grazing the river bank, which has previously stopped trees from growing.
Each cane is a tree planted to kick-start regeneration.
In 10 years, it should provide cover for fish and birds.
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Video of an
@WelshDeeTrust
habitat restoration site.
We have:
Added large woody debris to the river to provide homes for invertebrates and cover for fish.
Fenced the river to allow wildflowers to grow on the bank.
Planted young trees to kick start riverbank woodland habitat.
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If you're not a farmer please consider the enormous stress and financial risk farms are taking to put food on our plates.
These problems are not easily fixed and require big investments.
Farms are up against it with rising costs and low payments for their produce.
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The target at
@WelshDeeTrust
is to restore 40km of riparian habitat like this by 2027 to benefit the wildlife of the river.
Make sure to follow us if you want to keep up to date with our progress.
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I think
@GeorgeMonbiot
is wrong on this. I think he is exaggerating the dichotomy between wildland and low-level grazing. The difference is minimal if it even exists. Grazing is a natural process and increases biodiversity in landscapes.
In all these cases, we should see the bigger picture. How much land is being used to produce how much food? In the absence of numbers, I suspect this is a formula for massive agricultural sprawl, as land that could otherwise support wild ecosystems is used for low-yield grazing.
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Two soil health samples dug today about 10M apart.
Spot one.
Healthy looking soil and dry.
Spot two.
Compacted soil. Very wet in the surface, but drier underneath.
How we manage soils is so important to how we manage water in the landscapse
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Nice (if slightly damp) to get out one of our habitat restoration sites this week.
Particularly pleased with the size of the buffer between the field and the river.
Some trees will be planted over winter to kick start regeneration.
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A photo from one of the more remote Dee tributaries.
It's absolutely impenetrable due to all the fallen wood and trees over and in the river.
This absolut maze of cover is really important for keeping young fish away from predators.
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We find all sorts of bizarre things at our habitat restoration sites.
A dead Burmese python is one of the more bizarre.
No idea how this got here, miles from any house.
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I layed this hedge 9 years ago.
It was the first one I ever did.
Saw it again today and really happy with how it looks.
I was worried I had massacred it at the time.
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Chemicals from car tyres are awful for our rivers.
The solutions:
1.less cars more public transport.
2. Sustainable drainage from roads to trap the pollutants before they enter rivers.
This 🧵is about a chemical found in tires — 6PPD-quinone — which is now “recognized as one of the most toxic chemicals ever seen in the the aquatic environment.”
It kills coho salmon, brook trout, rainbow trout, & white-spotted char.
Their deaths are not pretty.
It's torture.
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Can you see a difference between these soils?
One is more compacted, it has less aggregate lumps of soil, less root growth and less air pores.
Water doesn't infiltrate the compacted soil as quickly, leading to waterlogging and more overland run off.
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I put this owl box up 3 or 4 years ago.
Walking past and found an owl pellet on the floor.
Looked up and a barn owl is looking around the corner down on me.
Amazing!! 😁😁🦉🦉
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Perfect evidence that man made weirs increase levels of predation of fish. 🐊🐊🐊
*This isn't in the river Dee.
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This is by far the biggest risk to nature in the UK.
I've had so many conversations with farmers who want to do more for nature but the bureaucracy and particularly slow payments put them off.
I’m close to the ‘why bother’ stage
I’m sick of having to haggle for payments for things I’ve already done for nature that are supposed to be funded, getting paid sub costs, paid late, agreed late, paid lower rates than other places, and enduring endless bureaucracy and hassle
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Yesterday
@theriverstrust
released the 24 state of the rivers report.
It pulls together all the available data for England's rivers.
It makes for grim reading, no single stretch us in good condition.
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Cracking photo showing the difference in growth rates between salmon that have access to floodplains and those that don't.
Bigger salmon smolts are more likely to return from the sea.
So rivers connected to floodplains= more adult Salmon.
20/ ...fish, such as juvenile salmon which grow faster on the productive floodplains (on right) compared to those that rear in the river (on left). This illustrates the importance of healthy, connected river-floodplain systems for fisheries productivity.
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I love sustainable drainage.
-helps reduce flooding
- adds green space
- strips pollutants from rain water
-helps recharge ground water.
So many good things.
🌧️🌱 2 years ago, we installed these Rain Garden
#SuDS
in
@wfcouncil
& their continued lushness is all thanks to the incredible
#community
committed to their
#maintenance
. This highlights the vital role of
#communityengagement
in every project 🌿🤝
@Labourstone
@CannHallCllr
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A man-made weir, not particularly large,
No fish can swim upstream over the weir.
This is because of the two step design and squared edges.
No doubt this will be reducing the number of fish in the river.
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First, if it's worth saying, most farms are not causing pollution of rivers, and I have never met a farmer that is doing it on purpose.
I don't think the same can be said of water companies.
Those that are polluting the most would happily make changes if they could afford it.
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Accuracy is so important.
The difference between 'planting' 10% trees and 'having' 10% trees is huge on a farm.
Everyone who talks about environmental/land use issues should make it a priority to be accurate.
In the long run misinformation damages progress, not helps.
🧵Farms aren't required to plant 10% of their land. Only to bring their existing tree & woodland cover up to 10%. On average, farms in Wales already have 6-7% tree cover.
Sustainable Farming Scheme (SFS)🏴
Press Release
@CoedCadw
@WoodlandTrust
1/
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An upland riparian woodland.
Planted 10 years ago now full of berries, birds and brown hares.
This is from a recent visit to one of the first projects I ever worked on
@severnrivers
, helping farms incorporate more trees into a working environment.
100,000+ trees planted.
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Bringing culverted water back to the surface is great for wildlife.
Should be an option in agri-environment schemes.
I saw Linnets drinking today from what was a concrete culvert just a few weeks ago. Well chuffed, plenty more piped ditches to rip up next year
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This is the Critically Endangered scarce yellow sally.
👇👇👇
A species thought to be extinct in the UK, but recently rediscovered in the river Dee!
Great news, but the species is still at high risk of extinction.
Here is a short 🧵about the ongoing work to save the species.
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A lot of our habitat restoration schemes are aimed at increasing fish populations
To monitor this we need to count the number of fish.
Read this🧵to find out how you count the number of fish in a river? 🐟🐟🐟
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Finally, enforcement has to play a key role in stopping slurry pollution.
Like all industries, some people will try to cut corners.
It's unfair to those farms who invest and farm within the rules if others are allowed a competitive advantage by ignoring them.
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I didn't see it myself, but the Dee turned a horrible colour brown over the weekend.
My guess would be this is a huge amount of sediment pollution.
Not good, and very unlikely to be the result of any natural phenomena.
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Whenever I walk across the river, always feel the need to take a photo.
Classic shot of a beautiful river.
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What a great image. Perfectly shows the benefit of removing a weir for fish.
No way fish were getting over that weir, and now they can just swim on by.
Nice before and after at Snake Lane Weir on the Ecclesbourne. Super job on a pretty big beast in a tricky location. Plenty more info on this here:
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Snowfall shouldn't be causing rivers to turn this brown.
The solution:
- healthy soils in fields.🪱
-sustainable road drainage🚘
-continuous green field cover🌱
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5. VOTE.
The single most important action you can take for rivers and the environment.
Vote for the candidates who are putting nature front and centre of their campaign. In national and just as importantly local elections.
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Another one of our habitat restoration sites was completed recently.
I can happily say this one has survived the recent floods, as these sites are vulnerable for the first year before trees and other vegetation begin to grow and shore up the site.
Recently we put the finishing touches to one of our habitat restoration sites on the river Terrig. At this site, we are adding large pieces of deadwood to the river to reduce bank erosion, provide cover for fish and provide food for invertebrates.
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Still huge amounts of water being stored in the upper river severn floodplain. Devastating floods downstream in England. Imagine how much worse the floods would have been if the river had been dredged and all this water had also rushed downstream.
#slowtheflow
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Trees are so important to healthy river ecosystems.
I don't think you can have a healthy river in Wales without:
- Trees of different ages and species growing on the bank.
- Deadwood and leaves falling into the river to create a diversity of flows and feed invertebrates.
We’re celebrating
#NationalTreeWeek
! 🌳
Why are trees so important for rivers?
🌳 Dead and living trees in rivers provides cover for fish keeping them safe from predators
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In both Wales and England, pollution inspections of farms are increasing. Stories like this, which used to be very rare, are likely to become more common.
In my experience, a small percentage of farms are the cause of a high percentage of the total agricultural pollution.
🫧 A Somerset farmer has been fined nearly £20,000 for polluting an 800m stretch of watercourse, after ignoring the
@EnvAgency
's calls to remedy a leaking silage clamp.
READ MORE:
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I just submitted my response to the Welsh Government's sustainable farming scheme.
I think the ethos of payments for public good is correct, and I like the ambition for the scheme, which is desperately needed to reverse wildlife declines.
The 8 points I made in my reply👇
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It's going to be another busy year for our restoring river habitat programme.
These are the targets for what we hop to deliver this year.
Due to weather most of this delivery happens in the summer. The more dry weather we get the easier it will be.
Our Restoring River Habitats programme aims to restore natural river processes so wildlife can flourish. This year we will:
-Restore 8km of riparian habitat
-Repair 12 reaches of in-stream habitat
-Restore 2 flood plain features
-Create 2 catchment wide restoration plans
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Maybe not the most exciting bit of river, but pretty exciting for me.
This is an
@WelshDeeTrust
habitat restoration site, previously a straightened channel with just 10cm depth of water and no fish.
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Supermarkets are asking for suppliers to do more to help the environment.
Which is good news.
But they aren't paying the fair value of the extra cost and happily undercut with food produces to lower standards when possible.
Bullying so they can have their cake and eat it
Our cattle contract has landed, offering 30p above base. But that's the same 30p we were offered in 2018 (should now be 37p RPI), we must now finish stock 2 months sooner & offer environmental information. More for the supermarket for less money 1/3
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Soil Health = River health.
All our rivers start in the Sky as rainfall; the vast majority of rain runs through or over the ground before it enters a brook or river.
The type and health of the soil on the ground impacts how quickly and cleanly the water enters a river.
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Incredibly sad news. I am getting a lot messages and it sounds like the fire in Mold has caused a significant fish kill on the river.
Absolutely devastating has we have done so much work on the river in the last few years.
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@OmIAm5
Yes. It is something we have considered at length. This site was heavily grazed by sheep which meant the erosion was much worse than a natural system. Other locations we leave the erosion to do it's own thing.
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MAIZE🌽
A crop full of dry matter, nutrients and protein, great for feeding🐄to give us the dairy products we need as part of a healthy diet.
But once harvested it can be a real pollution risk for our rivers.
Here is a🧵about some of the ways that pollution can be reduced.
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Starting at the beginning:
To spawn Salmon need rivers with clean water, gravel free of sediment, trees to provide shade and diverse flows with pools and riffles.
This means providing tree lined riparian buffers with space for the river to move.
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The Afon Gwenfro.
This is the river that flows through Wrexham centre.
However along most if it's length is beautiful woodland habitat.
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Bare fields in winter are always going to run off with high levels of soil.
In this case maize, but also non rotated out wintered livestock.
Solution is a permenant green cover.
The challenge is doing that in a way that still allows the farm to make a profit. Not easy.
UK’s equivalent of palm oil. I’ll stick my neck out and say non-under-sown maize is probably the most environmentally damaging crop we currently grow in UK. The soil, and everything applied to it during the growing phase, ending up in our rivers. ☹️
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All these cost money, and the big elephant in the room is that more than farm prices for the products they produce is needed to allow most farms to invest.
We can't have sustainable farm businesses if they can't afford to invest in the future.
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Who pays for the restoration of nature?
While some restoration can be done for free, it costs money if we do it at the required scale.
Who? and Why? someone should pay for the restoration of nature is a critical question.
Here is a 🧵about the 4 main options
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Wales has become the first country to map important areas for insects.
That long black line in North East Wales is the river Dee.
A river that is really important for lots of rare invertebrate species including the Scare Yellow Sally stonefly.
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The objective of
@WelshDeeTrust
is a river free of pollution and full of wildlife.
Some weeks I think that objective sounds impossible.
Other days I'm buzzing because I think it's possible and we are making real progress.
Today is definitely a day where I feel the latter. 😁
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This is weir x on the Tryweryn river, a special area of conservation for Atlantic Salmon.
The weir delays downstream migration and creates a wide flat river upstream.
So Salmon migrating out to sea are held in an area of poor habitat causing elevated mortality.
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I believe these four sources account for over 90% of agricultural nutrient pollution.
If you are a farmer, please spend 10 mins thinking about these 4 sources and if they are happening on your farm.
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4. Support nature friendly farms.
Every day, 3 times a day, (maybe more), you make a conscious decision that can impact the environment.
The food you eat has a direct impact on rivers and the environment.
Buy food from nature friendly farms and support the environment.
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Yesterday
@FishLegal_
won a legal case against
@DefraGovUK
that found the current river basin management plans are unlawful, because they don't contain meaningful actions.
So what is a river basin management plan?
And what do they need to be effective?
A thread👇
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A lot of talking about the choice between trees and farmland recently. A project I worked on with
@severnrivers
&
@CoedCadw
planted 30,000 trees in a river catchment with minimal loss of farmland and increased productivity. More trees do not mean less farming.
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3.Retrofitting Sustainable drainage systems.
We need to manage the run-off from hard urban surfaces better, letting the water flow slowly into watercourses.
Could include:
- A requirement for SUD's on paved drives.
-A funded scheme to retrofit public buildings.
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Good example of why buffers are important but not the whole solution to stopping sediment running off into brooks.
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