Anna Molofsky
@AnnaMolofskyLab
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brain development and neuropsychiatric disease. glia, neuroimmunity, and synapses @AnnaMolofskyLab @mstdn .social
San Francisco, CA
Joined July 2015
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A thread on our latest manuscript, now
@CellCellPress
, huge effort by first author
@Phi_hD
, great collaborators
@mazen_kheirbek
lab,
@Molofsky_lab
@IliaVainchtein
@hiromininoue
and many others not on twitter
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Defining microglial-synapse interactions | Science excited to share our thoughts (with
@eyolab
) on the complexity of microglial-synapse interactions. Thanks to the many colleagues that contributed to shaping this perspective piece.
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Excited to share the latest story from our group in
@CellCellPress
and so proud of the great science and incredible dedication of first authors
@sculptorofdance
and
@CarolineScsGlia
and all co authors (more details to follow)
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We told
@SfNJournals
that if our astrocytes got on the cover we would definitely put that on a cake.
@marcifrosenberg
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So proud of
@Phi_hD
on his amazing thesis defense- and for being the very first Molofsky lab grad! Congrats Phi!
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Astrocyte-secreted neurocan controls inhibitory synapse formation and function: Neuron
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love this: "Critics of GWASs ... highlight the difficulty of deciphering biological effects from hundreds of risk variants ... But then, life probably didn’t evolve for millions of years only to be decoded in the course of a five-year research grant."
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Feeling proud to hold the Barondes chair. Big shoes.
A new oral history explores the life and career of pioneering psychiatrist and neuroscientist Samuel Barondes
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thanks to
@VirusesImmunity
for this lovely spotlight of our work on Type I interferons in brain development, including implications for future studies of how viruses may impact the brain.
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Excited to share our first foray into preprints, led by
@sculptorofdance
, with
@Phi_hD
and many others, describing a novel yet familiar microglial subset. more details to come at the other end of peer review:)
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Wishing farewell to
@IliaVainchtein
, the very first Molofsky lab postdoc - thanks Ilia for building our strong foundation. Congrats on your position at Janssen- we will miss you!
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Delighted to share our latest paper, led by
@NeuroNiko
and team
@sculptorofdance
@IliaVainchtein
: we identify the zebrafish hindbrain as a novel model circuit to study microglial-synapse interactions in the intact, developing brain
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Excited to share our latest preprint led by killer team
@RafaelTaeho
and
@IliaVainchtein
with colleagues from
@JeanneTPaz
and Chris Glass labs – showing that microglia protect the developing brain from seizures via IL-33, the reshaper of epigenomes
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Sharing our preview of Deneen lab's recent paper, written by grad student
@marcifrosenberg
Location, Location, Location: Transcriptional Control of Astrocyte Heterogeneity
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Thanks to the BBRF for this award- alongside my microglia colleague Dori Schafer! Immunity in the brain is the next frontier in understanding psychiatric illness.
#MentalHealth
Researchers Honored by
@BBRFoundation
for Advancing the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Psychiatric Illness. Read more:
@NolanRyWilliams
@AnnaMolofskyLab
@UAlberta_FoMD
@Tulane_Psych
@TheCalipariLab
@UMassMedical
#neuroscience
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Well. I will tell a secret which you must swear never to reveal but
@MolofskyLab
was also promoted to associate.
And just so I don’t “Jon Snow” this rumor, a formal congrats to
@AnnaMolofskyLab
for stepping up to associate professor!
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Happy to share this collaboration with Allan Basbaum, co-led by
@IliaVainchtein
and Julia Kuhn
@eLife
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Delighed to share this story in this month's JEM led by
@RafaelTaeho
@IliaVainchtein
highlighting a key feature of microglial function: pattern recognition
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The Molofsky Lab is hiring postdocs - please check it out!
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Check out
@KeystoneSymp
Neuroimmune Interactions: Nervous System and Immune Cell Heterogeneity in Health and Disease , this June in Santa Fe!
#KSNeuroImmune24
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our recent review with
@FChrisBennett
: The immune system and psychiatric disease: a basic science perspective - Bennett - - Clinical & Experimental Immunology - Wiley Online Library
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Our first lab paper is out! Thanks to the hard work of
@IliaVainchtein
Greg Chin
@Cho_FS
@LiddelowSA
, Jeanne Paz, partner in crime
@Molofsky_lab
and in memory of Ben Barres (wish you were here).
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Congrats to amazing grad student and first author Phi Nguyen, stay tuned for paper summary and thanks to the whole team, coming soon.
Incredibly excited to share my first paper and equally thankful for the people I’ve worked with and the opportunities I’ve been afforded to have made it this far!
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Congrats to Dr. Leah Dorman
@sculptorofdance
on her lovely thesis defense today-so proud! Go shake up
@czbiohub
and don’t forget the glia
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Passing the torch of the UCSF neuroscience program. Roger Nicoll to Anatol Kreitzer
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Congrats Marci! Recent work from Molofsky Lab grad Marci Rosenberg shows that norepinephrine regulates astrocyte form as well as function.
Delighted to share my PhD work, now published in its final form at
#JNeurosci
@SfNJournals
! (And we made the cover 🤩) Link:
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Excited to pursue new directions in neuroimmunology and collaborate with the Arc institute!
It’s an exciting day for us at Arc as we welcome the newest members of our scientific community, across our Institute programs after two years of building Arc!
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The Molofsky lab is hiring. If you are interested in a technician position please check out for more info!
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Explore emerging
#Neuroinflammation
#Microglia
#Neuroimmunology
research
@KeystoneSymp
Neuroimmune Interactions: Nervous System and Immune Cell Heterogeneity in Health and Disease , this June in Santa Fe!
#KSNeuroImmune24
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So much fun working with
@LiddelowSA
@RafaelTaeho
and
@_rdkim
on this astrocyte review - check out the illustrations in this thread, Liddelow lab specials that didn’t all make it to press
Congratulations to
@RafaelTaeho
&
@_rdkim
for working with
@AnnaMolofskyLab
and I on this review in
@ImmunityCP
. Important roles of astrocytes in health and disease.
FREE access here:
(mini thread 1/4)
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Infiltrating fibroblasts are required to sustain immune cells after brain injury!
1/ Excited to share my thesis work, now out as a pre-print: “Dynamic fibroblast-immune interactions shape wound healing after brain injury”
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Definitely not how I imagined graduating from the
@pewtrusts
pew scholars, zooming alone in my office, but grateful for the community and the amazing science. Shoutout to classmates on Twitter
@nilyapici
@eazim
@IbrahimCisse_
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So honored to accompany
@NeuroNiko
on this K99 journey, and so grateful that you built molofsky lab 'team fish' from the ground up while doing it!
I’m ecstatic to announce that I have received a fundable score for the
#MOSAIC
#K99
! It was possible due to my amazing support team including, my husband,
@AnnaMolofskyLab
, Dr. Will Talbot,
@hollyingrahamSF
,
@pfhitch
,
@eyolab
,
@megumi_fuse
,
@JonesLabUmich
,
@JackParent7
& others.
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so cool. our paper in a podcast :) thanks
@JasonSynaptic
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Astrocyte-derived interleukin-33 promotes microglial synapse engulfment and neural circuit development
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Lovely paper from the Kuchroo lab defining role of IL-33 on microglial bioenergetics
New work just out in
@ImmunityCP
from the lab, spearheaded by Danyang He when she was a postdoc in the lab - now leading her own group 👏! We found that Astrocyte-derived IL-33 promotes microglial engulfment and bioenergetics via AKT.
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The Molofsky Lab is hiring postbac technicians! Check it out here
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Congrats to my colleague Kira Poskanzer, Guoqiang Yu and colleagues. Awesome astrocyte tool many years in the making.
Astrocyte Quantitative Analysis (AQuA) software uses an event-based machine-learning model to enable flexible and accurate quantification of
#astrocyte
activity in brain slices and in vivo
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huge congrats to
@lukaszblue
on this publication, revealing a role for astrocytic beta-catenin signaling in brain development and social behavior, via the autism risk gene TCF7L2 all the work done in Warsaw, with a little bit of San Francisco in there!
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Celebrating the legacy of the Morrison lab (20 years strong) at UTSW with
@SJMorrison_
@ohyilmaz
@merrittktaylor
Elsa Quintana, Jack Mosher, and many more. Here’s to many more!
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Also check out those beautiful lung ILC2s on the cover of Immunity!
Very happy to share this work led by Dr. Kelly Cautivo with help from the whole lab and many amazing collaborators. IFNg constrains type 2 lymphocyte 'niche sprawl'. Tweetorial to come (if I can figure it out!)
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Guess what? Glia
First glimpse of how genes may cause mental health problems
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What makes an astrocyte human? These and other insights from gene coexpression analyses in intact human brain, from Kevin Kelley and Mike Oldham (with Molofsky lab help!)
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A molecularly defined microglial subset with a specific function in the embronic brain. Very cool.
Now online! Microglia maintain structural integrity during fetal brain morphogenesis
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Thanks to
@denisejcai
and Yosif Zaki for this lovely preview of our paper. Cc
@Phi_hD
Preview in this issue of Cell: Creating Space for Synaptic Formation—A New Role for Microglia in Synaptic Plasticity -
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UCSF Immunology, Neuroscience Research Highly Ranked Among US News’ Best Global Universities | UC San Francisco - what are we missing? Neuroimmunology!
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Beautiful work from Monje lab
Online now! Microglial activation by methotrexate leads to a persistent disruption of oligodendrocyte lineage dynamics and astrocyte reactivity, resulting in the long-term
#cognitive
impairment associated with
#chemotherapy
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Super congrats Kevin, Sergiu, et al!! Look forward to reading!
Delighted to share the latest paper in Cell
@CellPressNews
today— a comprehensive overview of human brain organogenesis in vivo, ex vivo & in vitro, including work using
#assembloids
,
#organoids
& disease models. Effort led by the amazing
@kevinwkelley
!
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zebrafish have synapse associated microglia. Great work by
@NeuroNiko
et al.
#zebrafishareawesome
Proud to share my PD work in
@AnnaMolofskyLab
w/ the help of our talented lab members
@sculptorofdance
@IliaVainchtein
, & others. We report two molecularly distinct subsets of
#microglia
that mediate synaptic & cell engulfment in the developing
#zebrafish
brain. 1/2
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Lovely paper on astrocyte heterogeneity and function in spinal cord - congrats all
Astrocytes are important for being strong. Excited to share our work (started ~6 years ago as a rotation project)!:
Kir4.1-Dependent Astrocyte-Fast Motor Neuron Interactions Are Required for Peak Strength
@NeuroCellPress
#OA
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Congratulations to Prof Nick Silva! So excited for you!
It’s official! I’m thrilled to share that I’ll be returning to my alma mater
@SFSU
as Assistant Professor in the Dept. of Biology Spring 2025!! My lab will study all things glia from health to disease. Ps. This is the same sweater I had since UG!🤣💜🐊💛
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Great day of speakers and posters addressing how early life experience impacts the brain (and how NIMH can help via initiatives like the UCI Conte center)
First speaker
@ucicnlm
:
@UCSF
’s
@AnnaMolofskyLab
, who notes that the molecular language of immunology is the language of flexibility, underlying developmental learning processes at the synapse.
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Beautiful to see this published.
People have long thought that astrocytes release something that kills neurons, which could partly explain why neurons die in injury/neurodegenerative disease. In a paper that just came out, we think we found one of these long-sought toxic factors! (1/8)
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Congrats to Jonah Chan- so well deserved!
Congratulations to 2019 Landis mentoring award winners
@blsabatini
,
@wormsense
,
@HTB_soFLY
, Jonah Chan, Louise McCullough, Mel Feany, and Matthew Rasband. In 2020, we will honor senior faculty mentorship, Nominations open until Dec. 1
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Check out this lovely paper from
@Molofsky_lab
on *where* type 2 immunity happens. I’m only a little biased.
So happy to share our work on the ILC2 stromal niche at
@ImmunityCP
, congrats to
@mwdahlgren
,Stephen Jones, Kelly Cautivo,
@jorge_ortzc
,
@AnnaMolofskyLab
and many others. Adventitial Stromal Cells Define Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Tissue Niches
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Beautiful work!
Phenomenal work from an amazing scientist
@technikatie
. Through a reverse genetic screen, Katie discovered a crucial molecular mechanism that ensures astrocytes form proper territories which are coupled to each other via gap junctions.
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my favorite part? the discovery that microglia engulf extracellular matrix, a web of glycoproteins that fill the spaces between cells- the forgotten 20% of the brain. (below: ECM protein aggrecan, dense in the hippocampus and inside microglial lysosomes)
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in advance appreciation of postdoc appreciation week (and a great homage to Queen)
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are these IL-33 rich neurons winning the plasticity battle? possibly. if so, its notable that neuronal IL-33 decreases dramatically with age, and that driving IL-33 in old neurons can restore some youthful features. would you like to know more? read the paper :)
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a clue to this puzzle- a rich literature on the role of ECM in restricting synaptic plasticity and stabilizing synapses, including this beautiful and unusual gedanken piece by Roger Tsien, describing long-term memories as a "pattern of holes" in the ECM.
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see
@NeuroNiko
for a tweetorial and hints of future work. Conclusion- fish are awesome, as is the fish glia community that has guided us
@MonkLab1
@AppelbhBruce
@DrGlia18
@ValerieWittamer
Francesca Peri, and many others. We are excited to be a part of it.
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Exciting work! Congrats Kun, Martin and team
Excited to share our preprint “CRISPRi screens in human astrocytes elucidate regulators of distinct inflammatory reactive states”
Led by
@KampmannLab
@KunLeng2
, great collaboration with
@LippmannLabVU
@schrag_matthew
Steve Fancy
@UllianErik
@yezhangyezhang
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and a hint at specificity: while in many brain regions IL-33 is made by astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, a small but molecularly distinct subset of neurons, most in hippocampus, make IL-33, under a distinct promoter, and in an activty-dependent manner.
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Amazing
Carla Shatz is a widely respected neuroscientist, dedicating 40+ years to studying brain development. She is the 1st woman to receive tenure in the basic sciences at
@StanfordMed
, has received many awards & nurtured young academics.
#WomensHistoryMonth
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with a related commentary here:
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Exciting new work on cell diversity in the human brain!
Our preprint on the core identity of major human CNS cell types is out! Some implications for Alzheimer's disease, astrocyte diversity, and human-specific biology. Fun collaboration with
@AnnaMolofskyLab
to try to make mouse astrocytes more human. Thanks to mentor Mike Oldham!
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Thanks to the Pew for funding our work!
Announcing the Class of 2017. Congrats
@racheljdutton
@AnnaMolofskyLab
@YamanakaNaoki
@nilyapici
& more!
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Really interesting
An aged immune system drives senescence and ageing of solid organs
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And a much better photo of Morrison Alums, including our scientific “grandfather” Irv Weissman
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Congrats Frances Jeanne and team- excited to contribute to this study defining mechanisms through which reactive astrocytes contribute to seizure risk!
Excited that our new manuscript on the role of thalamic astrocytes in inflammation-induced seizure risk is now published in
@ScienceTM
! Congrats to my amazing student and first author Frances
@cho_fs
@UCSFepilepsy
@UCSFNSGrad
@GladstoneInst
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this pathway is also required for hippocampal dependent behaviors- in a contextual fear conditioning assay, mice learned to discriminate the fearful context, but without IL-33 signaling to microglia, memory consolidation, or long-term recall, was impaired.
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great microglia symposium, hosted by our own
@Phi_hD
and
@IliaVainchtein
!
Looking to take your mind off politics? Come check out this awesome lineup of speakers in our “microglia in development and homeostasis” symposium on
@OpenBoxSci
this Monday!
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how did we get there? by studying IL-33, a cytokine that we previously found drives microglia to engulf synapses in development. in the adult hippocampus (another high plasticity context) we were puzzled to find the opposite: IL-33 signaling to microglia drove synapse formation.
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Thank you flojo! Right thing to do!
In light of COVID-19,
@FlowJoNow
are offering 30-day serial number licenses to access FlowJo data from home. The world isn’t all bad!!
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Great new work from Freeman lab: astrocytes modulate neural circuit activity
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with amazing collaborators
@JSchlache
and Chris Glass wnd
@JeanneTPaz
and
@cho_fs
we show that a IL-33 drives epigenetic changes that induce expression of PRRs in microglia to promote synapse remodeling, and restrict the onset of seizures.
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Congrats Mark, Mazen and team!
My first graduate school paper with
@mazen_kheirbek
is out now in
@NatureNeuro
Couldn’t have been done without some amazing people
@hyeschoi
@kelsey_clausing
@VS_Turner
&
@IliaVainchtein
from
@AnnaMolofskyLab
(1/8)
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@CellCellPress
@sculptorofdance
@CarolineScsGlia
@Phi_hD
Caroline also showed that by the juvenile stage, Interferon-I deficient mice had an accumulation of excitatory neurons, and tactile hypersensitivity (of note, two phenotypes that have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders)
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do microglia regulate this pattern of holes? we don't know yet, but we found that they engulf ECM an IL-33 dependent manner, that ECM accumulated in IL-33 deficient brains, and that enzymatic clearance of the ECM (ChABC) rescued spine deficits in IL-33 deficient animals.
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@CellCellPress
@sculptorofdance
@CarolineScsGlia
@Phi_hD
loss of function studies led by
@CarolineScsGlia
and showed that loss of Type I interferon signaling on microglia in the *healthy* developing brain led to an accumulation of neurons with DNA-damage, and an acccumulation of microglia with terrible indigestion.
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Thanks
@BBRFoundation
for funding glia!
Congratulations to Anna Molofsky and Dhakshin Ramanathan on receiving 2016 NARSAD Young Investigator Grants!
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Go Leah!!
Thanks to the Kavli Foundation for helping to fund our research and giving me this opportunity to talk about transcriptomics and microglia, the brain's immune cells! Consider this a sneak preview for an upcoming thesis seminar :)
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@UCSF_PROPEL
@toddnystul
@rdhernand
@LagaresLinares
Molofsky lab proud of our amazing postbac
@LagaresLinares
!
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It really was!
#AAI2022
day 2 started with a fantastic neuroimmunology session by great talks by
@AnnaMolofskyLab
and
@TheColonnaLab
. Nice to see everyone after so long.
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we show that microglia in synaptic regions are functionally and transcriptionally distinct from the cell-engulfing microglia in optic tectum. These two populations coexist in fish, enabling direct comparisons of these distinct modes of microglial phagocytosis
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ILC2s take the black!
Our mini-review on group 2 innate lymphoid cells. And a shout out to Jimi (and Bob) for inspiration.
#ILC2saretheBest
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@CellCellPress
@sculptorofdance
@CarolineScsGlia
many years of work by followed to define the function of these microglia in the developing cortex: whole-neuron engulfment.
@Phi_hD
revealed the morphology of these cells in vivo: here is one of them, engulfing two neurons at once
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