Pharmeowcy
@pharmeOwcy
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“The dose makes the poison.” - Paracelsus
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Joined April 2023
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FIRST PHARMACIST IN THE FAMILY!!! ❤
Thank you MANOR, MetamoRPh, at Studytwt!!! 🤝🏻
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Preparing for a board exam is indeed a test of faith and character. It is something that you have to take really seriously. You are your own worst enemey here. It's all about perseverance and setting your priorities right. Choose discipline and let God control what you cannot.
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a tip from our prof:
to all board exam takers ng PhLE,
MASTER PHARMACOLOGY TALAGA, dahil pharmacology is the heart of pharmacy! Hindi lang sa Mod 4 lumalabas si Pcol, kahit Mod 3 parang pcol na, umiikot rin sa iba pang module. Memorize the classifications and
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Board exam is everybody's game. It is no longer based whether you were academically achiever during college or not, nor what school you graduated from. Pantay pantay tayo lahat dito na mag te-take. Wala kang ibang kalaban kundi sarili mo.
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💡 pcog high yield
(glycosidic linkages)
○ maltose (glu+glu) : α1-4
○ cellobiose (glu+glu) : β1-4
○ trehalose (glu+glu) : α1-1α
○ sucrose (glu+fru) : α1-2β
○ lactose (glu+gal) : β1-4
○ lactulose (fru+gal) : β1-4
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💡pharmacology recalls & tips
• reserpINE: (-) storage of cathecolamINE
• vesamiCOL: (-) storage of acetylCHOLine
• meTYROSINE: (-) tyrosine hydroxylase (rate limiting step L-Dopa synthesis)
• hemiCHOLINium: (-) transport of choline (rate limiting step)
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💡may mga tanong sa BE na ganito lang ka basic so wag mo na to kalimutan
1a- alkali metals
2a- alkALINE earth metals
3a- boron/ ICOSAGENS
4a- carbon/ CRYSTALLOGENS
5a- nitrogren/ PNICTOGENS
6a- CHALCOGENS
7a- HALOGENS
8a- noble/inert gas
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[M6] Ringworm Infection/Tinea
📎 Tinea capitis- scalp
📎 Tinea barbae- beard
📎 Tinea corporis- trunk
📎 Tinea imbricata -trunk/limbs in concentric pattern
📎 Tinea manuum- hand
📎 Tinea unguium- nail
📎 Tinea cruris- groin "jock itch"
📎 Tinea pedis- foot "athletes' foot"
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⭐ PACOP NOTES ⭐
• osteoPOROSIS - decrease in bone DENSITY
• osteoARTHRITIS - inflammation of bone JOINTS
• osteoMYELITIS - inflammation of bone TISSUES
• osteoMALACIA - bone SOFTENING
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Street Names of Abused Drugs:
💊Morphine: ⭐Emma, Monkey, White stuff, M
💊Codeine: Captain Cody, ⭐School boy, Lean, Sizzurp
💊Heroin: Downtown, Brown sugar, China white, Horse, Hell dust, ⭐Thunder
💊Cocaine: Coca, Coke, Crack, ⭐Flake, Snow, Rock
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PhLE: Module 1: Pharmaceutical Chemistry notes (20%) notes ✍🏻
• General Chemistry
• Inorganic Chemistry
• Organic Chemistry
• Organic Medicinal Chemistry
≽^•⩊•^≼
thread;
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💡4 generations of quinolone
1st: nal1d1xic ac1d (nalidixic acid)
2nd:
norTWOxacin (norfloxacin)
ciproTWOxacin (ciprofloxacin)
ofloTWOxacin (ofloxacin)
3rd: levoTHREExacin (levofloxacin)
4th:
moxiFOURxacin (moxifloxacin)
gemiFOURxacin (gemifloxacin)
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understand their MOA talaga. These are the high-yield topics for Pharmacology in BE:
📎 ANS
📎 CV- HTN, Anticoagulants
📎 Endocrine - Diabetes
📎 Analgesics
📎 Antibiotics
📎 Sedative - Hypnotics
Not telling you na ito lang aralin niyo but lahat parin, BE PREPARED. STUDY SMART.
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palagi ko tong napagbabaliktad!!!!
⚖ AO No. 55- LABELING
⚖ AO No. 56- LICENSING
⚖ AO No. 62- PRESCRIBING
⚖ AO No. 63- DISPENSING
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Dear future pharmacist,
Know that you have done enough. You did all you could to prepare for this test. Let go of the things na hindi mo na kontrolado. Rest your mind now, and know that He is in control. Congratulations in advance, RPh!
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Grignard reaction of
- formaldehyde will yield to primary alcohol
- aldehyde will yield to secondary alcohol
- ketone will yield to tertiary alcohol
Grignard's reagent: R-Mg-X
where
R refers to an alkyl or aryl group and
X refers to a halogen
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sharing my palatandaan sa L-iso
💡No Weak, Down², Up², Up-Down Down-Up, Up-Town, Town-Up, Tetra (1st letter basis)
1.9: Nonelectrolyte [no]
2.0: Weak [weak]
2.0: Di-Divalent [down-down]
3.4: Uni-Univalent [up-up]
++
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💡inorganic chemistry recall ~ other name(s)
🟡 baking soda: sodium bicarbonate
🟡 washing soda: sodium carbonate decahydrate
🟡 soda ash: anhydrous sodium carbonate
🟢 epsom salt: magnesium sulfate
🟢 glauber's salt: sodium sulfate
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▫️IODImetry
Remember "BiRD"; small letter i for iod[i]
🔹️Blue appearance
🔹️Reducing agents (Vit. C)
🔹️Direct titration
▫️IODOmetry
Remember "IONo"
🔸️Indirect titration
🔸️Oxidizing agents
🔸️No color blue na *colorless
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Note to self: Today is not the time to give up. You are now a few steps closer to the dream that you've been working hard for. Keep moving forward. Ignore the opinions of others. Endure. God is with you.
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‼RECALL‼
💊Pharmaceutically Equivalent
✅ same in ALL aspects
✅ may differ in shape, excipient, scoring
💊P. Alternative
✅ same Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)
💊Therapeutically Equivant
✅ same efficacy and safety
✅ PE, BE
💊T. Alternative
✅ same DRUG CLASS
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my takeaways after taking consecutive practice exams in preparation for my upcoming board exam:
1) keep going back to the basic concepts or information
2) repetitive learning is really a must
3) understand rather than pure memorization
4) don't be too hard on yourself!
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do not just watch lecture videos for the sake na matapos mo lang ang topics under a certain subject, you have to watch it na iniintindi mo talaga bawat segundo ng video. take notes, then synthesize. repeat. 🔁
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💡Storage Conditions
Freezer: -25 and -10°C
Refrigerator: between 2 and 8°C
Cold: not exceeding 8°C
Cool: 8-15°C
Room Temperature: temperature prevailing in a working area/environment
Controlled Room Temperature: 20-25°C
Warm: 30-40°C
Excessive Heat: above 40°C
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💡high yield infos about inorganic compounds
• Lithium
❗ebstein's anomaly
• Potassium
❗KCl used in mercy killing (IV push/bolus= death)
• Silver
❗argyria
Tx: NSS
• Zinc
❗excess: metal fume fever
❗def: parakeratosis
Tx: NaHCO3
• Cadmium
❗Itai-itai disease
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1 - basket
2 - paddle
3 - reciprocating cylinder
💡reThreeprocating cy•lin•der
4- flow through cell
💡4 letters si F.L.O.W.
5 - pad•dle•o•ver•disk
💡5 syllables
6- re•vol•ving•cy•lin•der
💡6 syllables
7- re•ci•pro•ca•ting•hol•der
💡7 syllables
DISSOLUTION APPARATUS
“there’s only 1 BASKET 2 PADDLE now we need to ReCyle 4 it to FLOW through PADDLEing then it will REVOLVE with the Holder”
I - BASKET
2 - PADDLE
3 - RECIPROCATING CYLINDER
4- Flow through cell
5 - Paddle over disk
6- revolvingcylinder
7 reciprocatingholder
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🚨HIGH ALERT MEDICATIONS🚨
[BE question]
💊 Epinephrine
💊 Insulin
💊 Opioids and sedatives
💊 Heparin
💊 Injectable KCl conc.
💊 Sulfonylureas
💊 NaCl above 0.9%
Eto yung mga drugs na may mataas na RISK na maka-cause ng HARM sa px when they are used in ERROR!
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💡anti-glaucoma drugs 👀
Open-angle glaucoma
⬇️ aqueous humor production
💊 b-blockers: timolol, betaxolol
💊 CAI: acetazolamide
⬆️ aqueous humor outflow [drainage]
💊 PGF2a analogs: latanoprost, carboprost
💊 Non selective a-agonist: dipivefrin [produg form of epi]
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module 2: biochemistry
mastering enzyme commission number and their examples 🧩
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💡TPN (total parenteral nutrition) components
calcium: 5-10 mEq
magnesium: 8-16 mEq
phosphate: 40-60 mEq
potassium: 80-120 mEq
sodium, chloride: 100-120 mEq
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[Animal Assay]
• Digitalis- pigeon🐦 "DiGeon"
• Tubocurarine- rabbit 🐇 "TubocuRabbit"
• Insulin- 🐇
• Glucagon- 🐈 "GluCat"
• Corticotropin- 🐀 "CorticoRat"
• Cod liver oil- rachitic rat
• Chorionic Gonadotropin- female rat
• Vasopressin- male rat [pre- lalake]
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Pharmacodynamic notes ✍🏻
○ Type I- Ionotropic receptor (fastest onset)
○ Type II- Metabotropic receptor (most common)
○ Type III- Enzyme-linked receptor
○ Type IV- Nuclear receptor (slowest onset)
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Streptomyces:
🦠S. erythreus - Erythromycin
🦠S. griseus- Streptomycin
🦠S. lincolnensis- Lincomycin
🦠S. orientalis- Vancomycin
🦠S. roseosporus- Daptomycin
🦠S. venezuelae- Chloramphenicol
🦠S. orchidaceous- Cycloserine
🦠S. nodosus- Amphotericin B
🦠S. noursei- Nystatin
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▫️MOLARITY /M/
• no. of moles of solute per
LITER OF SOLUTION
▫️MOLALITY /m/
• no. of moles of solute per
KILOGRAM OF SOLVENT
▫️NORMALITY /N/
• no. of GRAM or MOLE EQUIVALENT WEIGHTS of solute per liter of solution
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My heart yearns for those who were not able to make it THIS TIME. Specially to my dear friends, please know that you are not alone and we will continuously cheer for you until you meet your GOD'S PERFECT TIMING. Know that this is not God saying "no," but rather "not yet."
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⚛ Quantum Numbers- "fingerprint"
🟣 Principal (n): determine size (PrinSIZEpal)
🟣 Azimuthal/Angular (l): determine shape
(aSHAPEmutal)
🟣 Magnetic (m/mi): determine orientation
(Mag orientation)
🟣 Spin (s/ms): direction of spin or rotation
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💡bonus questions in BE
alkanes aka paraffins
alkenes aka olefins
alkynes aka acetylenes
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Drug-Receptor Theories:
💬 CLARK
: Kung LAHAT ng receptors are occupied makaka-produce tayo ng maximum effect ng gamot
💬 PATON aka Rate Theory
: basta may PROPER STIMULUS lang, may effect na!
💬 ARIENS & STEPHENSON
: AS LONG AS the receptors ay occupied, may effect pa yan!
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❗Enzyme Classification❗
EC1- Oxidoreductase
EC2- Transferqse
EC3- Hydrolase
EC4- Lyase
EC5- Isomerase
EC6- Ligase
EC7- Translocases
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Pharmacognosy
Collection time 🌤
🍃Pectin
• Unripe- PROTOpectin
• Ripe- PECTIN
• Overripe- pectic ACID
🍃Marijuana
• Young leaves- cannabiDIOL
• Mature leaves- cannabiNOL or also known as tetrahydrocannabinol
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💡KJELDAHL METHOD - nitrogen determination in inorganic and organic samples
Steps:
1️⃣ Digestion
2️⃣ Distillation
3️⃣ Titration
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#PharmAlam
💡
Pag nakahiga ka facing the "right side", it increases the Gastric Emptying Rate (GER), meaning mas nagiging mabilis yung absorption ng food or drug.
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💡biological reactivity tests (in vivo)
• systemic injection test
○ 🐁 albino mice
• intracutaneous test
• eye irritation test
○ 🐇 albino rabbits
• implantation test
○ 🐰 rabbits
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@yllwbee_
NAKED DNA [PAPP]
1. Papillomavirus
2. Adenovirus
3. Parvovirus
4. Polyomavirus
ENVELOPED DNA [HeHePo]
1. Herpes
2. Hepa B
3. Pox
NAKED RNA [PiCaReo]
1. PICRONAviridae
2. CALICIviridae
3. REOviridae
ENVELOPED RNA: the rest
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🫀Dilates ductus arteriosus (patent DA) : Alprostadil
🫀Constricts ductus arteriosus: Indomethacin, Ibuprofen
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FD&C [Food-Drugs & Cosmetic] - Name
🔵 Blue no. 1- Brilliant blue
"pag brilliant ka no. 1 ka"
🔵 Blue no. 2- INDIgotine
"indi ka brilliant, no. 2 ka"
🟢 Green no. 3- Fast gr33n
🔴 Red no. 3- Eythrosine "eredthrosin3"
🔴 Red no. 40- Allura red
"alluring pa si mama kahit 40 na"
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God sees you.
He saw your hardships from the moment you took this path. 4 years of studying pharmacy was not an easy course at all, yet here you are, konting konti nalang magiging registered pharmacist kana. Pray over worry. Faith triumphs over fear. 🙏🏻
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Mga karaniwang gamot na may Narrow Therapeutic Index (close to being safe or not for use!)
(PLDT W)
Phenytoin
Lithium
Digoxin
Theophylline
Warfarin
📌TI formula:
TD50/ED50
📌 mas safe ang ating drugs pag ang TI value exceeds the value of 10
📌 if malapit sa 1? delikado
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💡 module 3 common terms / drug interaction
mnemonic: EPSPU
1️⃣ Etablished: PROVEN in clinical trials
2️⃣ Probable: VERY LIKELY, but NOT proven clinically
3️⃣ Suspected: MAY/MIGHT occur; some good data, but needs more study
4️⃣Possible: COULD occur, but data are very limited
+
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💡S•tearoptene [Solid]
(solid MAT)
• menthol
• anethole
• thymol
💡eL•eoptene [Liquid]
(liquid MEE)
• methylsalicylate
• eucalyptol
• eugenol
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📍Acid value- NEUTRALIZE the free acids in 1g
📍Ester value- SAPONIFY the esters on 1 g
📍SV/Koettsdorfer- NEUTRALIZE free fatty acids and SAPONIFY esters
📍Hydroxyl value- # of KOH equivalent to OH content of 1 g subs
📍Iodine value # of mg of Iodine absorbed by 100 g substance
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"God has made everything beautiful for its own time." ✨
Ecclesiastes 3:11
Thank you kaayo Lord sa imo ka maayo!! 🙌🏻 RPh NA TAYO NEXT WEEK!!!! 🙏🏻
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💡Super high-yield topic for BE (always go back to the basic, wag kalimutan ang mga basic na info!)
MODULE 3: MUST KNOW (Part 1)
For Pharmaceutical calculation, I highly recommend not only memorizing these formulas but also having time to do practice questions.
PS. Actually, these are my compiled formulas from my RC and Univ! So if magulo and may mali, pasensya po 😅.
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💡TABLET DEFECTS
🚩PROCESS-RELATED
"PRO Ca La Cr"
/Poro•Ca•Lang•Sira/
• Capping
• Lamination
• Cracking
🚩EXCIPIENT-RELATED
"PiSti ang Chip ni EX!"
• Picking
• Sticking
• Chipping
++
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Crude drug Adulteration 🧐
🔎Sophistication- intentional
🔎Admixture- unintentional
🔎Substitution- entire replacement
🔎Deterioration- impairment of quality during prep.
🔎Spoilage- deterioration cause by microbes
🔎Inferiority- active constituent is below the min. standard
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PHENOLIC ETHER
(ethernational Based FANS🤩)
1. Basil⭐
2. Fennel oil
3. Anise
4. Nutmeg/ Myristica oil
5. Star Anise oil
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💡Lysosomal Storage Disease (LIPIDS) : Deficiency
○ tay-SAch's : hexoSAminidase A
(yung "SA" lang)
○ SAndhoff : hexoSAminidase A&B
(SA parin pero may -and so A&B)
○ Fabry's : alpha-galactosidase A
(Alpha-Girls are FABulous!)
+
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💡BEQ
🔵 sal volatile: ammonium carbonate/ (NH4)2CO3
⚪ aqua fortis: nitric acid/ HNO3
🔵 baker's ammonia/hartshorn: ammonium carbonate
🔵 muriate of hartshorn: ammonium chloride
🔵 spirit of mindererus: ammonium acetate
🟢 scheele's green: cupric hydrogen arsenite
🟢 paris green: cupric acetoarsenite
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Praying na mataas parin ang passing rate for 2024 April Pharmacists Licensure Exam!
Congrats in advance, RPh! 👏🏻
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Congratulations to the 1,185 newly registered pharmacists! We hail pharmacy!
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💡components of Karl-Fischer Reagent
"S.I. Pyring Karl- Ang Methulongin"
/si pareng karl ang matulongin/
🔸️Sulfur dioxide
🔸️Iodine
🔸️Pyridine
🔸️Ahydous Methanol
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14 days before april phle!!
1. answer and rationalize practice questions as many as you can!
2. don't force yourself na matatapos mo pa lahat ng backlogs mo before BE
3. make sure alam mo na basic concepts sa mga high yield topics per module
4. kalma lang dahil kaya mo yan!!
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COX-1: constitutive form
🔹️ physiological function
🔹️ platelet activation
🔹️ gastric protection
COX-2: inducible form
🔸️ pathological function
🔸️pro-inflammatory
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💡random steps/processes in module 5 (manufacturing pharmacy)
🚩stages of manufacturing
1. dispensing of raw materials
2. processing dosage forms
3. filling
4. packaging & repacking
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PRODUCT RECALL 📢 - removal of product from the market bc either defective or potentially harmful!
1️⃣Class I Recall - may cause DEATH or SERIOUS adr
2️⃣Class II Recall - may cause TEMPORARY/REVERSIBLE adr
3️⃣Class III Recall - NOT LIKELY to cause adverse health consequence
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Rooting for all you, fRPh!
Mapapagod pero huwag susuko ha?
Keep going, future pharmacists!
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Occurences of disease
📍Mortality- pagkamatay
📍Morbidity- pagka-sakit
📍Prevalence- old plus new cases
📍Incidence- new cases
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OLEORESIN (volatile oils + resin)
(OleoveR! Tara BGC, mag white tayo)
1. Turpentine/Gum turpentine
2. Balsam of Copaiba⭐
3. Ginger
4. Capsicum/Cayenne pepper
5. White Pine
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✅ Module 1 (GenChem, InOrg, Orgchem, OrgMed)
❎ Module 2 (Pcog, Biochem)
❎ Module 3
❎ Module 4
❎ Module 5
❎ Module 6
Onto the next! Malayo pa, pero malayo na. 🙏🏻
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ang🤸🏻♀️ bilis🤸🏻♀️ mag🤸🏻♀️explain🤸🏻♀️ ng
🤸🏻♀️mga🤸🏻♀️ lecturers🤸🏻♀️sa 🤸🏻♀️ LMS 🤸🏻♀️ng🤸🏻♀️ Manor🤸🏻♀️
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💡nucleoBASE
• Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine
• aromatic
• N containing
• heterocyclic
💡nucleoSIDE
(base + sugar)
• ex. Guanine + Ribose = Guanosine
💡nucleoTIDE
(base + sugar + phosphate)
💡nucleic acid
• DNA (double-stranded)
• RNA (single)
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💡Conversion of
Celcius (°C) ⇆ Fahrenheit (°F)
▫️ 9C = 5F - 160
💡Celcius (°C) ⇆ Kelvin
▫️K= °C + 273.15
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D-Day! ✊🏻✨
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kung bawal na talaga calculator sa board exam, wala na rin dapat questions about calculation uy!
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