Suppose that it is announced tomorrow that quantum computers are available, and bad actors already have access to them and are able to use them to steal users’ funds. Preventing such a scenario is...

Considering launching an Ethereum node into space, any suggestions? Functional objectives: Direct communication with ground computer Running Ethereum Light Nodes Long running time (over 10 years) Has...

Execution Consensus Separation MEV is fundamentally about control. The proposer has control of which transactions make it into blocks and which order they appear in. In other words MEV is all about...

Thanks @qizhou for discussing the idea TL;DR We can use the zk state channel to provide a zk fraud proof to resolve the disputes swiftly in the optimistic systems, such as opRollup (optimistic...

Torrents and EIP-4444 Introduction EIP-4444 aims to limit the historical data that Ethereum nodes need to store. This EIP has two main problems that require solutions: Format for history archival and...

Inclusion lists are a technology for distributing the authority for choosing which transactions to include into the next block. Currently, the best idea for them is to have an actor that is from a...

TL;DR For a ZKP/FHE task, we can decompose it into several subtasks. We introduce redundancy into subtasks such that the original task’s result can be decoded from a subset of the subtask results,...

Written by Jonas & Naman from Chainbound. This research was funded by the Robust Incentives Group at the Ethereum Foundation. This work is specifically related to ROP-8. Additional information can be...

TLDR L2 neworks such as rollups, validiums and optimiums primarily use execution proofs (ZK proofs or fraud proofs) to prove (or disprove) transaction and state transition validity to the base layer...

Authors: Tariz (Radius) Special thanks to Nathan from Factomind for his valuable advice on the design of the derivatives market. TL;DR This article introduces a derivatives market designed to...

Full Report TDLR The main applications using blobs are rollups, accounting for approximately 87%. Non-rollup applications mainly include Blobscriptions and customized type 3 transactions. Rollup...

Concurrent Block Proposers in Ethereum ^look ma, we are trying to end the proposer monopoly \cdot by mike & max – friday; february 23, 2024. \cdot Abstract: The Ethereum protocol elects a single...

Thanks to @FabrizioRomanoGenove, @meridian and Philipp Zahn for helpful comments and feedback on this post. ❓ What is a Preconfirmation? There have been a lot of variations on the definition of...

Deep Diving Attestations I want to provide some quantitative stats on… Head-, target-, and source votes, The individual node operators’ attestation performance, including the best and worst validat...

Fraud Proofs Are Broken … but we can fix them. Optimistic rollups aim to inherit Ethereum’s security through fraud proofs. The reasoning is straightforward: a single honest validator can prove all...

Joint work with @murat. Thanks to @The-CTra1n and @bemagri for reviewing and providing valuable feedback. Introduction A preconfirmation (preconf) for the context of this article refers to a promise...

I started writing this after a few days of unsuccessful attempts to run solo node behind CGNAT, as just a brainbreeze on whether it could be somehow done differently to ease up solo node setup. So...

Author: Csaba Kiraly, in collaboration with Leonardo Bautista-Gomez and Dmitriy Ryajov, from the Codex.storage research team. Note: this document describes the current state of our thinking, result...

Thanks to Nethermind, @tkstanczak, @swapnilraj , @dapplion, Martin Koppelmann and @DrewVanderWerff for discussion, feedback and review. This is the first instalment in a series of posts where I will...

Empirical Analysis of the EIP-4844’s Impact on Ethereum by Seongwan Park, Bosul Mun Draft paper : [2405.03183] Impact of EIP-4844 on Ethereum: Consensus Security, Ethereum Usage, Rollup Transaction...

By Alex Hook. Thanks to these people for inspiration, feedback and suggestions: accountless.eth, pseudotheos, Domothy, Dogan Alpaslan, ZKP2P team Abstract. USDT on the Tron Network has emerged as a...

TL;DR In a sharded blockchain protocol that utilizes recursive zk-SNARK proofs to enable scalable, private cross-shard transactions with constant-size proofs of validity. This architecture allows for...

Summary and TL;DR The ProbeLab team (probelab.io ) is carrying out a study on the performance of Gossipsub in Ethereum’s P2P network. Following from our previous post on the Ethereum Node Message...

This is an exploratory proposal for a method of deterministically identifying sequencers on L2s to route transactions to, in order to facilitate universal synchronous composability between L2s. This...

Diseconomies of Scale: Anti-Correlation Penalties (EIP-7716) Special thanks to DappLion and Vitalik for their collaborative effort on the overall concept, and Anders and Julian for their valuable...

Authors: @Mikerah Afonso @sarisht Shoutout to Gabearro Ventalitan Nerla Yun Qi and Surya for all the vibes and discussions! This project was done as a Hackathon Project at IC3 camp last week. TL;DR...

Much of the post came together during a week of in-person whiteboarding with RIG and wannabe RIGs like myself, Ansgar and Toni. Thanks in particular to Anders, Ansgar, Barnabé, Thomas for continued...

ABSTRACT In this article, we are going to review how current solutions in the public and private blockchain ecosystem look like when it comes to scalability and real-world utility. We are going to...

by: Davide Rezzoli (@DavideRezzoli) and Barnabé Monnot (@barnabe) Many thanks to Yoav Weiss (@yoavw) for introducing us to the problem, Dror Tirosh (@drortirosh) for helpful comments on the draft,...

On block-space distribution mechanisms ^p.s. yes, we anthropomorphize the protocol as a ghost because Casper. ^^p.p.s. not sure why the auctioneer ghost looks like he is conducting an orchestra, but...

by Thomas Thiery and Luca Zanolini, in collaboration with Mary Maller, Mark Simkin, and Antonio Sanso – May 23rd, 2024 Special thanks to Julian Ma, Barnabé Monnot and Francesco D’Amato for helpful...

Motivation One key problem with the L2 scaling solutions is that assets natively minted on L2s can only be used on the L2 of issuance but it cannot be bridged back to L1 or other L2s, without...

tldr; relays should divulge more metadata about the block so that validators can make more informed decisions that align with their preferences Thanks to @simbro @mmp for early feedback Censorship...

Thanks to @0xapriori, @adrianbrink, @awasunyin, and @0xemperor for reviewing this post. This is an active draft and further feedback (both solicited and unsolicited) is very welcome. All opinions and...

Credibly Neutral Preconfirmation Collateral by mteam from Spire Labs inspired+reviewed by Justin Drake. reviewed by Ladislaus, Murat, and others. . . tl;dr We introduce a design for a credibly...

Lately there has been increased discussion of raising the block gas limit from 30m gas to 40m gas. Critics of this proposal argue that increasing the gas limit risks excessive state bloat which could...

Sealed execution auction By Anders. While working on the dynamic pricing auction I though of another way to hold the auction that also seems interesting. Posting a rough sketch here, although I am...

I am very proud to release the very first version of Constantine, a high-performance modular cryptography stack for blockchains and proof systems. It is currently as of July 2024 the fastest implem...

For background, see: Minimal anti-collusion infrastructure One of the challenges of MACI is that it requires data to be submitted on-chain for each vote, which incurs significant transaction fees....

By Stephane Gosselin and Ankit Chiplunkar on behalf of Frontier Research For most recent information about OneBalance, please visit frontier.tech. See Research Day 2024 slides and recording. Motiva...

Avoiding Accidental Liveness Faults for Based Preconfs thanks to Justin Drake, Jon Charbonneau, Ladislaus, Sébastien Rannou, sacha, Drew van Der Werff, and Max Wilde from Aestus for thinking and...

It’s delightful to see our community thriving, with an increasing number of lengthy research papers and constructive technical insights being published on this forum. Ethereum Research has become the...

Leona Hioki, Albus Dompeldorius, Yutaka Hashimoto Abstract We introduce a new kind of blockchain scaling solution, which can be classified as a kind of Plasma, but without the online requirement of...

Proposer: George Spasov (LimeChain) Special Thanks for the comments to Daniel Ivanov (LimeChain), Mohammad Jahanara (Scroll), Péter Garamvölgyi (Scroll), Brecht Devos (Taiko) The growth of the rollup...

TLDR: We just published our new paper on building a ZKP bridge for full Ethereum node with our open source code. We analyze why building a ZKP bridge for Ethereum full node is hard and how we address...

Lookup Singularity via MMR Introduction What I will show is that if we have a public merkle mountain range where existence within it implies correctness, then this primitive can be used to achieve...

by U. Natale and G. Sofia. Acknowledgements This research has been granted by Chorus One. We are grateful to M. Moser for useful discussions and comments. 1 Introduction There’s a lot that’s been...

Endgame Staking Economics: A Case for Targeting by @adietrichs and @casparschwa . This post explores the status quo of staking economics, its drawbacks as we see them and what the endgame of staking...

Current designs around pre-confirmations involve a slashing penalty on liveness, that is if a proposer who commited to pre-confirmations misses its proposal, part of its collateral is burned or...

As always, humbled by the Ethereum community’s willingness to review / provide feedback. Thank you Barnabe, Chris, Conor, Ellie, Jason, Jonas, Justin, Julian, Kubi, Kydo, Mike, Pascal, and Sam for...

Disclaimer: This post will not contain any nice images, because I am artistically inept. The reasons why I’m writing this are the following: Preconfs are a very hot topic right now and many people...

Summary & TL;DR The ProbeLab team (probelab.io) is carrying out a study on the performance of Gossipsub in Ethereum’s P2P network. Following from our previous post on the “Gossipsub Network Dynamic...

by U. Natale. Acknowledgements This research has been granted by Chorus One. We are grateful to M. Moser, B. Crain, and Y. Socolov for useful discussions and comments. We also thanks J. Bostoen and...

At the current state, even after Deneb and the introduction of blobs, Attestations are responsible for 90% of the traffic on the Consensus Layer’s gossip network. Right now, the Attestation propaga...

Thanks to Alex Stokes, Anders Elowsson and Potuz for feedback The goal of this post is to explore some ways we can improve the guarantees of PBS as it currently exist in Ethereum, as an alternative...

TLDR Slot inclusion rate, the number of slots required for a blob to be included in the beacon chain, has a high variance and is higher for some rollups than others. The current combinatorics of the...

It’s widely recognized that CEX/DEX arbitrage trades create a large part of DEX volume, perhaps even the majority of that volume. The Loss Versus Rebalancing (LVR) model stands out as a key tool for...

Introduction This post explores fork choice attacks through the perspective of ePBS, focusing on the new fork choice boost parameters and the rationale behind their design. We’ll begin by examining...

Summary & TL;DR The ProbeLab team (probelab.io ) is carrying out a study on the performance of Gossipsub in Ethereum’s P2P network. Following from our previous post on the Number Duplicate Messages...

By Lin Oshitani (Nethermind Research). Thanks to Conor and Aikaterini for the detailed discussions and review. Thanks also to Ahmad and Brecht for their review and comments. This work was partly...

Authors: @Kyungmin @bicoCrypto @solmingming Members of @DecipherGlobal SNU Blockchain Research Center TL;DR The current concept of TPS (Transactions Per Second) in blockchain is being disclosed in an...

By Jonah Burian & Davide Crapis Special thanks to Anders Elowsson, Barnabé Monnot, Justin Drake and Mike Neuder for the feedback and review. Introduction There is a principal-agent problem in...

In this quick note we analyze the special case of ex-anti and sandwitch attacks on ePBS vs the current implementation. We show that with the proposed values for proposer and builder’s boosts as in...

In a new paper with Christoph Schlegel (@jcschlegel), Benny Sudakov and Danning Sui(@sui414), we look at the distribution of MEV rewards between the validator and searchers. We model the interaction...

The following post is an introduction to some and an update to others on a community effort called Commit-Boost. Much of this has already been discussed in various public domains / presentations /...

This writeup summarizes the timeline differences between ePBS and MEV-Boost using inequalities. We analyze three models: 1) MEV-Boost, 2) ePBS, and 3) MEV-Boost with relayers on ePBS. We show that...

We summarize here the article that presents the first theoretical analysis of the inactivity leak, designed to restore finalization during catastrophic network failures. This work is accepted at...

By Lin Oshitani (Nethermind Switchboard, Nethermind Research). Many thanks to Conor for the detailed back-and-forth on crafting this document and to Aikaterini, Elena, Ahmad, Anshu, Swapnil, Tomasz,...

^focil => fossil => protocol ossification by Thomas, Barnabé, Francesco and Julian - June 19th, 2024 This design came together during a small, week long, in-person gathering in Berlin with RIG and...

Summary & TL;DR The ProbeLab team (https://probelab.io) is carrying out a study on the performance of Gossipsub in Ethereum’s P2P network. This post is reporting the first of a list of metrics that...

Abstract A new OPCODE that allows queuing some piece of code with a well defined gas used that will execute at the end of a block. If two transactions queue the same end-of-block code, it will only...

Portal Network & Verkle Summary The goal of this research is to describe how Verkle trie (see EIP-6800) can be efficiently stored in a Portal Network. Firstly, I will give quick overview of what...

TL;DR: Ethereum’s scalability and security hinge on addressing the burgeoning state size issue and mitigating the risks posed by consensus bugs. Choosing less prevalent clients becomes crucial for...

Authors: Marcello Bardus (Herodotus), Kacper Koziol (Herodotus) Thanks for early feedback: bonustrack87 (Snapshot Labs), Larry Sukernik (Reverie), Pia Park (Herodotus), Wojtek (Supercast), Summary:...

Key Takeaways: The proposed solution introduces a payment system based on accrual accounting, reflecting revenue and expenses before actual payment transfers. Advantages of the presented solution...

Summary This post outlines the launch and capabilities of mev.fyi, a novel open-source research chatbot that focuses on the domain of MEV and blockchain research. Developed with the support of a...

This study is supported by an Ethereum Foundation R&D grant and is a collaborative work with Enrico ( @enricobottazzi ), Masato ( @0xvon ) and Nam ( namnc (Nam Ngo) · GitHub ) from Ethereum Foundat...

Zero-knowledge proofs of identity using electronic passports Many applications need to verify their user’s identity online, whether it is nationality, age, or simply uniqueness. Today, this is hard....

Analysis on ‘‘Correlated Attestation Penalties’’ This is a quick quantitative analysis on anti-correlation penalties looking into its potential impact on staking operators and CL clients. Before...

Current zk rollup state zkRollups scale execution efficiently, but publish all blocks at L1. This is not scalable for storage and forbids recursive rollups: if we deploy a rollup on a rollup, we need...