🚀 Introducing @EthResearchBot: Your Gateway to the Latest Ethereum Research! 📚 💡 What is EthResearchBot? It's a Twitter bot powered by GPT-4, designed to keep you updated with concise summaries of the newest and most exciting research posts on the Ethereum Research Forum.

EIP: TBD By: - Danno Ferrin (@shemnon) 🔗 The EIP proposes the addition of the EXTCODEADDRESS instruction to the Ethereum Object Format (EOF) to enable reading code delegation designations from accounts without requiring code introspection. This aims to enhance user experience and security in scenarios involving managed proxy contracts and delegation designations.

Weekly Roundup📈 zkFOCIL: Inclusion List Privacy using Linkable Ring Signatures By: asn 🔗 🔥 7 comments this week Delayed Execution And Skipped Transactions By: @nero_eth 🔗 🔥 17 comments this week ULTRA TX - Programmable blocks: One transaction is all you need for a unified and extendable Ethereum By: @Brechtpd 🔗 🔥 5 comments this week Proof of Validator: A simple anonymous credential scheme for Ethereum's DHT By: asn 🔗 2 comments this week Fabric - Fabric to Accelerate Based Rollup Infrastructure & Connectivity By: @DrewVdW 🔗 4 comments this week Dynamic Blob Targets for Better Blob Pricing By: keyneom 🔗 3 comments this week ZK-EVM Prover Input Standardization By: nmvalera 🔗 1 comments this week Impact of Consensus Issuance Yield Curve Changes on Competitive Dynamics in the Ethereum Validator Ecosystem By: AnteroE 🔗 1 comments this week Proposal: Delay stateRoot Reference to Increase Throughput and Reduce Latency By: _charlienoyes 🔗 1 comments this week Empirical Analysis of Cross Domain CEX <> DEX Arbitrage on Ethereum By: 0xcchan 🔗 1 comments this week

New post on zkFOCIL: Inclusion List Privacy using Linkable Ring Signatures By: - George - Benedikt - Thomas 🔗 Highlights: - The research proposes a new way to improve privacy in Ethereum's FOCIL by using Linkable Ring Signatures (LRS) to anonymize the identity of validators. - The proposed system uses a private lottery to select validators and LRS to ensure their messages remain anonymous. - Linkable Ring Signatures allow a person to prove they are part of a group without revealing their identity, while also preventing them from using the same identity multiple times. - The research suggests using zk-SNARKs to implement the LRS scheme, which is efficient and does not require a trusted setup. - The system ensures that each validator has an equal chance of being selected, and their identity remains hidden until they choose to reveal it. ELI5: This research is about making a system where people can be chosen to do a task without anyone knowing who they are, using a special kind of digital signature. This helps keep their identity secret while still allowing them to prove they did the task.

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New post on LazyTower: An O(1) Replacement for Incremental Merkle Trees By: - LCamel 🔗 Highlights: - LazyTower allows for efficient appending of items with an average cost of O(1), making it a more efficient alternative to Incremental Merkle Trees. - The structure supports zero-knowledge proofs of membership, allowing users to prove an item's inclusion without revealing the item itself. - LazyTower uses a method of digesting data incrementally, which reduces the need to recompute everything from scratch, thus saving on computational resources. - The implementation of LazyTower results in a constant average gas cost for appending items, which is beneficial for blockchain applications. - The design of LazyTower does not require setting a capacity limit upfront, making it flexible and scalable for various applications. ELI5: LazyTower is a new way to organize data that makes it easy to add new pieces of information and prove that they are part of the collection without having to reveal the information itself. It works like a tower where each level can hold a certain number of items, and when a level is full, it gets packed up and moved to the next level. This makes adding new items very efficient and keeps the cost of proving membership low.

New post on Delayed Execution And Skipped Transactions By: - @nero_eth 🔗 Highlights: - Delayed Execution decouples block validation from immediate transaction execution, allowing for faster block validation. - The concept introduces a two-phase process: static validation and post-attestation execution, which can improve efficiency. - Skipped transactions allow blocks to include transactions that might be invalid without invalidating the entire block. - The COINBASE account pays an upfront inclusion cost for transactions, ensuring the network is compensated even if transactions are skipped. - This approach could potentially increase Ethereum's efficiency by up to 5x, though it introduces new liquidity requirements and protocol complexity. ELI5: Ethereum currently requires every transaction in a block to be executed immediately for the block to be valid. This can be slow and resource-intensive. The proposed 'Delayed Execution' method suggests separating the validation of a block from the execution of its transactions. This means that blocks can be validated quickly without executing every transaction right away, which could make the system faster and more efficient.

post on ULTRA TX - Programmable blocks: One transaction is all you need for a unified and extendable Ethereum By: - @Craenbridge 🔗 Highlights: - ULTRA TX allows for a single, powerful transaction to manage multiple operations, improving efficiency and composability between Ethereum's L1 and L2. - This approach does not require changes to the existing L1 infrastructure, making it easier to implement. - The system enhances data compression and aggregation, allowing for shared storage and reduced complexity. - It provides a more efficient way to enforce rules across transactions using smart contracts, improving security and reliability. - The ULTRA TX can be gradually adopted, allowing for a smooth transition from traditional transaction methods. ELI5: Imagine Ethereum as a big digital city where people (transactions) move around to do their business. Normally, each person needs their own car (transaction) to get around, which can be slow and inefficient. ULTRA TX is like a super bus that can carry everyone together in one go, making the city run smoother and faster. This super bus can also connect different parts of the city (L1 and L2) seamlessly, making it easier for everyone to get where they need to go without changing vehicles.

post on ETH Issuance Discovery Research: Issuance Debate & Case Studies By Staking Cohort By: - Vivian Zhu - Otakar Korinek - Alex Duckworth 🔗 Highlights: - Ethereum's transition from Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake aims to improve security, decentralization, and energy efficiency. - The proposed changes to ETH issuance aim to balance staking incentives with network security, potentially affecting various stakeholders differently. - Solo stakers are vulnerable to changes in issuance and face challenges like tax implications and declining real yields. - Large staking service providers may benefit from economies of scale, while smaller ones might struggle, leading to potential industry consolidation. - Centralization remains a concern, with large entities like Coinbase potentially gaining more control, which could threaten network security. ELI5: This research explores how Ethereum plans to change the way it rewards people who help secure its network by staking their ETH. The goal is to make sure the network stays safe and decentralized without giving too much power to a few big players. The study looks at how these changes might affect different groups involved in staking, like solo stakers, big investors, and companies that offer staking services.

🤖 New EIP: TBD By: - Josh Weintraub 🔗 This EIP proposes the introduction of new return opcodes (SRETURN, TRETURN, RRETURN) and the renaming of the existing RETURN opcode to MRETURN. The goal is to allow developers to specify the data location to return from, such as storage or transient storage, instead of defaulting to memory. This change aims to optimize gas usage by eliminating the need to copy data to memory before returning, thus improving efficiency in smart contract execution.

New post on State tree preimages file generation By: - ihagopian 🔗 Highlights: - The transition from Merkle Patricia Trie to a new tree structure in Ethereum requires generating preimages to map old keys to new ones. - Most Ethereum clients do not store preimages, which poses a challenge for the transition. - A proposed solution involves creating a preimage file that contains all necessary data for the transition, which can be distributed to nodes. - The preimage file should be efficiently encoded to minimize size and optimize reading patterns during the transition. - Compression and deduplication opportunities exist mainly for storage slots, but addresses are less compressible. ELI5: This article talks about how to move data from an old system (Merkle Patricia Trie) to a new one (like Verkle or Binary Trees) in Ethereum. To do this, we need to know the original data (preimages) behind the keys used in the old system. The article explains why this is important, how to generate these preimages, and how to store them efficiently.

The Weekly Roundup📈 Faster block/blob propagation in Ethereum By: @potuz_eth 🔗 2 comments this week Blob Aggregation - Step Towards More Efficient Blobs By: kustrun 🔗 🔥 5 comments this week ZK-EVM Prover Input Standardization By: nmvalera 🔗 3 comments this week Canonical cross-chain swap: fast and decentralized settlement for cross-chain swap using canonical/native L1->L2 messaging By: suahnkim 🔗 3 comments this week Fabric - Fabric to Accelerate Based Rollup Infrastructure & Connectivity By: @DrewVdW 🔗 2 comments this week Falcon as an Ethereum Transaction Signature: The Good, the Bad, and the Gnarly By: asanso 🔗 🔥 5 comments this week So you wanna Post-Quantum Ethereum transaction signature By: asanso 🔗 3 comments this week Same-Slot L1→L2 Message Passing By: linoscope 🔗 3 comments this week Proposal: Delay stateRoot Reference to Increase Throughput and Reduce Latency By: _charlienoyes 🔗 1 comments this week EVM in Motoko for Trustless Execution Environments By: skilesare 🔗 1 comments this week Releasing Constantine v0.2.0 (Jan 2025), a modular cryptography stack for Ethereum By: mratsim 🔗 1 comments this week 🤖

New post on Three-Tier Staking (3TS) - Unbundling Attesters, Includers and Execution Proposers By: - Thomas Thiery 🔗 Highlights: - The proposal suggests splitting Ethereum's validator roles into three distinct categories: Attesters, Includers, and Execution Proposers, to improve efficiency and security. - Each role has specific duties and requirements, allowing participants to specialize and optimize their contributions to the network. - Execution Proposers are expected to have advanced infrastructure to handle complex tasks, while Attesters and Includers focus on maintaining network security and censorship resistance. - The system aims to balance specialization with integration, ensuring that if one role is underrepresented, others can step in to maintain network functionality. - The proposal emphasizes the need for further research and discussion to refine these ideas and ensure they align with Ethereum's goals of decentralization and security. ELI5: This research explores a new way to organize the roles of people who help run the Ethereum network. Instead of having one group do everything, it suggests splitting the work into three parts: Attesters, who check and confirm transactions; Includers, who make sure no transactions are unfairly left out; and Execution Proposers, who decide the order of transactions. This separation aims to make the network more efficient and secure by allowing each group to focus on what they do best.

New EIP: N/A By: - Kevaundray Wedderburn -Ben Adams -Gajinder Singh -Dustin 🔗 This EIP introduces a flag for block builders to set a client-configured maximum number of blobs to include in a block. This aims to help builders with low bandwidth avoid including too many blobs, which could lead to network availability issues.🤖

New post on Fabric - Fabric to Accelerate Based Rollup Infrastructure & Connectivity By: - Drew VanderWerff 🔗 Highlights: - The Ethereum rollup ecosystem has grown significantly, with multiple Layer 2 solutions enhancing scalability and innovation. - Based rollups aim to inherit Ethereum's core properties like decentralization and censorship resistance while improving user experience and composability. - Fabric is a community-driven effort to standardize and accelerate the development of based rollups by providing common components and standards. - The initiative emphasizes open-source development, modularity, and minimizing governance to ensure it remains a public good. - Fabric is not a competing project but a collaborative effort to reduce development friction and support the Ethereum ecosystem's growth. ELI5: This article talks about a project called 'Fabric' which aims to improve how Ethereum, a popular blockchain, handles transactions. It focuses on making Ethereum faster and more efficient by using something called 'based rollups'. These are like special tools that help manage lots of transactions at once. The goal is to create a set of common tools and standards that everyone can use to make Ethereum better without having to start from scratch each time.

w post on Canonical cross-chain swap: fast and decentralized settling cross-chain swap using canonical/native L1->L2 messaging By: - Suah Kim - George 🔗 Highlights: - The protocol uses canonical L1→L2 messaging to improve decentralization and speed up settlements, reducing reliance on centralized systems. - It enhances capital efficiency and increases available liquidity, addressing issues of L2 fragmentation. - The protocol reduces risks for liquidity providers by allowing them to verify swap requests independently, without third-party involvement. - Key features include faster settlement times, minimized transaction fees, and reduced dependency on permissioned or third-party messaging. - The current version supports L2 to L1 swaps, with plans to extend to L2 to L2 swaps in the future, though this may affect capital efficiency. ELI5: This research is about making it easier and safer to swap digital assets between different blockchain networks. It uses a method called 'canonical L1→L2 messaging' to make these swaps faster and more decentralized, meaning less reliance on middlemen. This helps people who provide the money for these swaps (liquidity providers) to do so with less risk and more efficiency.

New post on Native Rollup for 3SF By: - adust09 - banr1 - keccak255 🔗 Highlights: - Native Rollup allows for direct verification of rollup transactions on Ethereum's main blockchain, enhancing security without needing external security measures. - 3-Slot Finality (3SF) finalizes blocks in three stages, reducing the complexity and number of network operations needed compared to previous methods. - The integration of Native Rollup with 3SF offers real-time settlement and flexible off-chain verification, optimizing both scalability and security. - Current technology limitations mean that proof generation in zk execution layers (zkEL) takes longer than desired, potentially requiring high-spec servers to avoid centralization. - A potential solution to the computational cost of proof generation is to create a market for outsourcing these tasks, though this raises concerns about centralization and incentive distortions. ELI5: This research introduces a new way to make Ethereum transactions faster and more secure by combining two technologies: Native Rollup and 3-Slot Finality (3SF). Native Rollup allows Ethereum transactions to be verified directly on the main blockchain, while 3SF finalizes transactions in three steps, making them almost irreversible. Together, they aim to improve user experience by offering real-time transaction settlement and flexible verification, all while keeping security high.

ZK-EVM Prover Input Standardization By: - nmvalera 🔗 Highlights: - The article proposes a standardized data format for ZK-EVM prover inputs to facilitate real-time block proving on Ethereum's Execution Layer. - A unified input format would allow operators to work with multiple ZK-EVM vendors seamlessly, promoting a neutral and open supply chain. - The Prover Input must include essential data like block witness, which contains the minimal state and chain data required for block execution. - The proposed format can be extended to other EVM chains by using specific versions, allowing for chain-agnostic proof generation. - Various options for Prover Input formats and compression methods are being evaluated to reduce size and ensure compatibility with existing tools. ELI5: This article talks about creating a common language for computers that prove Ethereum blocks using a technology called ZK-EVM. Right now, different teams use different languages, which makes it hard for them to work together. By agreeing on one language, it will be easier and faster to prove blocks, which is important for making Ethereum transactions more efficient.

New post on Blob Aggregation - Step Towards More Efficient Blobs By: - kustrun - artificialquant - projectHodl - Alpinex_ 🔗 Highlights: - Blob space is limited and often underutilized, leading to inefficiencies and higher costs. - The proposed solution is to aggregate multiple rollups' blobs into one, allowing for shared blob space and reduced costs. - The solution builds on existing infrastructure and is designed to be permissionless, allowing anyone to provide blob aggregation services. - Technical details include new concepts like blob shards, aggregated blobs, and a shared blob registry to manage and verify blob transactions. - The approach aims to improve cost savings, efficiency, and finality speed for rollups, but open questions remain about incentives, potential exploits, and blob shard collisions. ELI5: Imagine you have a limited number of boxes to store your toys, but each box costs the same to use whether it's full or not. This research suggests combining toys from different people into one box to save space and money. This way, everyone can share the cost and use the space more efficiently.

st on Impact of Consensus Issuance Yield Curve Changes on Competitive Dynamics in the Ethereum Validator Ecosystem By: - Antero Eloranta - Santeri Helminen 🔗 Highlights: - Large Ethereum validator pools currently earn about 12% more than solo validators, and this gap could widen to 13-15% with proposed changes unless MEV-Burn is implemented. - Economically capped reward curves might allow large pools to remain profitable while smaller ones could face losses. - Solo stakers are particularly sensitive to decreases in their relative yields, highlighting their vulnerability to changes in the ecosystem. - Positive events like the Ethereum Shanghai/Capella upgrade have more positive effects on larger validators compared to smaller ones. - A balanced approach combining MEV-Burn and gradual issuance adjustments could help maintain a decentralized and diverse validator ecosystem. ELI5: This research looks at how changes in the way Ethereum rewards its validators (people who help run the network) could affect the competition between them. It suggests that making these changes carefully could help keep the network decentralized and fair for everyone involved.

🤖 New EIP: N/A By: - W.H.Tharusha Rasanjana 🔗 This EIP introduces the RE-EN encryption standard, a quantum-resistant encryption algorithm designed to secure Ethereum transactions, smart contracts, and decentralized data against potential quantum computing threats. It aims to replace or supplement current cryptographic methods like elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) with a more future-proof solution. RE-EN also features data compression, converting an infinite-length cipher into a single character, and ensures robust security by avoiding vulnerabilities present in traditional hashing algorithms. The proposal emphasizes backward compatibility, allowing Ethereum to gradually transition to quantum-resistant systems without disrupting current operations.