Cell Host & Microbe
@cellhostmicrobe
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The scientific editors of Cell Host & Microbe, a Cell Press journal, bring you the latest information and insights from the forefront of host-microbe research.
Cambridge, MA
Joined November 2014
Rethinking healthy eating in light of gut microbiome: This review examines how diet-#microbiome-host interactions can validate, refine & innovate #dietary guidelines. Integration of microbiome science into #nutrition research will improve healthy eating
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Gut microbiome lipid metabolism and its impact on host physiology. Featured Review from @ericmichbrown Clardy @HMS_BCMP @TheXavierLab examining # lipids that #microbiome species can synthesize and their function on host physiology
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Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferrets: New work shows that ferrets are highly susceptible to #SARSCoV2 infection and effectively transmit the #virus by direct or indirect contact, recapitulating human #infection and transmission
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Type I & III Interferons –Induction, Signaling, Evasion, &Application to Combat COVID-19: Park& @VirusesImmunity review protective vs.pathogenic roles IFNs in #coronavirus infections & discuss prophylactic/therapeutic potential of #interferons for #COVID19
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Opposing diet, #microbiome & metabolite mechanisms in IBD. Combo of genetics, reduced dietary fiber &mucin-degrading bacteria triggers IBD. Mucus loss promotes Th1 that drives #colitis. Fiber-free exclusive enteral nutrition prevents colitis @EricCMartens1
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Dietary changes leave genetic signature in #microbiota: Bacteroides thetatiotaomicron evolves under nutritional changes. #Diet changes increase intraspecies diversity & mutations w/Western-style diet favor host mucus consumption @DapaTanja @KarinaXavierLab
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An infectious cDNA clone of SARS-CoV-2: @TheMenacheryLab Shi lab @utmbhealth &Co generated an infectious cDNA clone of #SARSCoV2 & mNeonGreen reporter virus. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 and reporter virus replicate as efficiently as original clinical isolate
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Innate Immune Responses to Human Gut #Microbiota from Phylum to Strain: @MatthewSpindl13 @jeremiahfaith1 examine how innate immune system responds to 277 human gut commensal #bacterial strains. Taxa induce signatures w/predictable immune phenotypes in mice
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#Microbiota modulation of intestinal epithelial homeostasis. @theGarrettLab show F. rodentium promotes epithelial proliferation & turnover by dampening retinoic acid production that supports survival of eosinophils, which suppress pro-proliferative IFNγ
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Horizontal gene transfer among host-associated microbes. @doctor_jams @MartaLourenco21 @gordoisabel1 review studies on mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer & complex interactions that these may entail in driving eco-evolutionary dynamics of #microbiomes
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Going viral: The role of mobile genetic elements in bacterial immunity.@BeatrizBeamud @FabBenz @dbikard review work revealing that most bacterial defense systems are carried by mobile elements, indicating complex evolutionary forces driving immunity
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New work on early-life microbiota & obesity. @catie_shelton @Mari_Byndloss show early #antibiotics exacerbate diet-induced #obesity by disrupting #microbiota-epithelium interactions. Lactobacillus metabolite-phenyllactic acid-regulates PPARγ to limit fat
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Vaginal microbiota transfer to cesarean-born infants. In a triple-blind randomized controlled trial, new work shows that VMT is likely safe and may partially normalize neurodevelopment and the fecal #microbiome in #cesarean-born infants
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How gut microbiota helps keep us vitaminized. @Zimmermann_Lab highlights work of @BonakdarMaryam @LindsayCzuba @ShipraVaishnava examining metabolic host-microbiota interactions & linking diet, #microbiota & host functions in context of vitamin A metabolism
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Bacteriostatic antibiotics promote CRISPR-Cas immunity: @TatianaDimitriu @edzewestra find bacteriostatic #antibiotics promote #CRISPR-Cas immunity by slowing #phage replication. Delayed phage production allows cells to acquire spacers against phages
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Fiber-deficient diets reprogram the #microbiota. Fitzgerald & Sorbara @uofg discuss findings that fiber-deficient diet thins mucus layer & alters microbial cross-feeding, causing pro-inflammatory Mucispirillum to move from epithelium to ameliorate #colitis
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In honor of our 15 years, we bring you an Anniversary Special Review issue on Maternal-Infant Health. As we “come of age” to our teens, we take a look back at the importance of early-life.
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Salmonella breaks colonization resistance.Salmonella overcomes colonization resistance w/intact microbiota by disrupting epithelial hypoxia. Outgrowth fueled by catabolizing simple sugars via combo of aerobic respiration & mixed acid fermentation @abaumler.
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Disease-adapted bacterial lineages in IBD. New work by Smillie lab @harvardmed studies evolution of gut bacteria across thousands of stool metagenomes & discovers hundreds of lineages adapted to inflammatory conditions & predictive of disease severity
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“Dirty mice” as preclinical vaccine testing model: @JessicaFiegePhD @Katharine_Block @Masopust_Vezys @LangloisLab show natural microbial exposure of mice induces post-vaccination signatures that are more similar to humans
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The power of fiber: Bäckhed & Co’s review examines the impact of dietary #fiber on #gut #microbiota in host health and disease @cellhostmicrobe
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Microbial seeding in early life. @DrSuchiHourigan &Dominguez-Bello highlight @DebbyBogaert work unraveling mother-infant microbial seeding by examining multiple maternal-infant niches. “Auxiliary” pathways may compensate when seeding patterns are perturbed
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Cytosolic replication in epithelial cells fuels #Salmonella: Using genetic engineering to deplete cytosolic bacteria from enterocytes, new work shows intracytosolic replication feeds expansion of intestinal #STyphimurium needed for efficient shedding
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Enteric Pathogen Beats the Competition: To subvert colonization resistance & #microbiota-mediated depletion of gut amino acids, #Citrobacter rodentium induces amino acid biosynthesis. High protein diet increases amino acids &promotes #pathogen colonization
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ROS gives E. coli a boost: @Winter_lab reveals that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by intestinal epithelium promote outgrowth of #Ecoli. Detoxification of inflammatory ROS through AppBCX allows E. coli to respire in otherwise anaerobic environment
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The power of propionate: Gut commensal Bacteroides production of the metabolite, propionate, mediates colonization resistance to #Salmonella #infection. New from @monack_lab @cellhostmicrobe
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa vs. Burkholderia cepacia complex species in #cysticfibrosis: @TheRurrJurr @peggy_cotter show that Bcc pathogens, using T6SS, outcompete host-adapted #Paeruginosa isolates, which lose #T6SS during evolution w/in CF respiratory tract
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Our March issue is now live – with insights on mucus factories, fungal escape routes, superspreaders, and more
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Spatial Heterogeneity of Gut Fosters #Bacteria-Phage Coexistence: @MartaLourenco21 @luisadesordi & Debarbieux lab show uneven spatial distribution of #bacteriophages in gut creates #bacterial refuges, which may hinder efficacy of #phagetherapy
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Infant gut phageome. @ClareLou9 @BanfieldLab characterize preterm & full-term infant gut phageome succession during first 3 yrs. 9% of #phage strains establish long-term residency. Stop codon reassignment&tail fiber mutations may aid viral gut colonization
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Adaptation of intestinal #microbes to immune activation: #Immune system activation rapidly alters gene transcription in intestinal symbiotic #bacteria, w/minimal effects on #microbiota composition but notably effects on metabolome & SCFA production
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Nutrient acquisition strategies by gut microbes.Muramatsu & Winter @UCSD review how commensal & pathogenic gut bacteria use diverse strategies to obtain & process macronutrients, w/focus on bacterial carbon & energy metabolism in mammalian intestinal tract.
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Microbial β-glucuronidases strike a balance. New work identifies specific gut #microbial β-glucuronidases that influence endobiotic homeostasis (hormones and neurotransmitters) and are inhibited by diverse FDA-approved drugs
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Gut microbiota-derived bile acids. This review examines mechanistic links between #gut #microbiota-derived #bileacids & host #immunity, intestinal inflammation & #tumorigenesis. Bile-acid-related human omics data are summarized & therapeutics are discussed
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Long-term evolution/short-term adaptation of microbiota: 6-year exp in mice stably colonized shows how strains/sub-strains evolve. #Microbiota adaptation occurs via long-term +selection of variants & short-term changes in transcriptomes&substrain frequency
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Unlocking the mind-gut connection: Impact of human microbiome on cognition. Fernández-Real & Co @univgirona examine interactions between gut microbiome & cognition in humans as well as potential means to improve impaired cognition via microbiome changes
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Brush up on your #virology with our Featured Five reviews on #virus-host dynamics, including viral latency, #evolution, #antiviral defense, and more from @cellhostmicrobe
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Proteobacteria impair #antitumor immunity. Randall lab @UABNews find reduced arginine-consuming Proteobacteria in gut elevate arginine in circulation, which impairs Treg functions & improves anti-tumor CD8 #Tcell responses to eliminate tumors in omentum
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Eating our way to gut #microbiome characterization. Highlight of @Nature paper from Huang & Relman @Stanford introducing ingestible device capable of collecting in situ samples across regions of human intestine for multi-omics analysis
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Tracking gut bacterial lipids. @CMirrettaBarone Ley&Vu labs @MPI_Bio develop spatial mass spec method to track transfer of lipids from #gut #microbiome into host tissues. Uncover transfer of bacterially derived phosphatidic acid from Bacteroides into colon
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Engineered probiotic ameliorates ulcerative colitis. Lactobacillus casei engineered to contain embedded selenium dots (Se-fLac) for restoration of intestinal redox & microbiota homeostasis. Se-fLac reduces inflammation & colonic damage in #colitis models.
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Opposing diet, #microbiome & metabolite mechanisms in IBD. Combo of genetics, reduced dietary fiber &mucin-degrading bacteria triggers IBD. Mucus loss promotes Th1 that drives #colitis. Fiber-free exclusive enteral nutrition prevents colitis @EricCMartens1
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Microbiota metabolism of amino acids.Gut microbes &metabolic genes deplete amino acids, affecting host amino acid homeostasis. ie, #microbiota genes in branched-chain amino acid & tryptophan depletion regulate glucose tolerance via serotonin @GuoGroupWCM.
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Precision modulation of dysbiotic microbiomes. Introducing human-milk-oligosaccharide-fed Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis into adult, #antibiotic-perturbed gut microbiomes leads to engraftment & reproducible changes in #microbiome @prolacta
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Why does #influenza vaccination elicit poor efficacy in elderly individuals? New work reveals that elderly adults have reduced accumulation of de novo immunoglobulin gene somatic mutations & are unable to adapt #antibody responses upon #flu #vaccination
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C. jejuni promotes CRC metastasis.New work discovers enriched presence of intratumor Campylobacter, whose production of genotoxin accelerates tumor metastasis, offering insight into the role bacteria play in metastasis.
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#Microbiota-bile acid axis repairs aspirin-mediated damage. P. goldsteinii &metabolite 7-keto-lithocholic acid promote repair of aspirin-associated intestinal damage by suppressing bile acid receptor FXR & maintaining Wnt signaling in intestinal stem cells
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Gut #microbiota influences respiratory viral infection. Gut colonization by segmented filamentous bacteria reprograms lung macrophages, enhancing their ability to combat respiratory viruses (#influenza #SARSCoV2 #RSV) Gewirtz & Plemper labs @GeorgiaStateU
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IFN therapy for COVID-19: In retrospective study of #COVID19 patients, early administration of interferon-α2b was associated w/reduced mortality-but late #interferon therapy increased mortality&delayed recovery, suggesting IFN timing is crucial. #SARSCoV2
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i-ROBOT, an intelligent probiotic. New work presents i-ROBOT, a #probiotic for diagnosis & amelioration of #InflammatoryBowelDisease. i-ROBOT noninvasively records disease information & uses self-regulated drug release responsive to inflammation in mice
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Bacterial esterases reverse LPS ubiquitylation to block immunity. @ThurstonLab @jnpruneda ID mechanism to evade cell-autonomous immunity. Effector removes ubiquitin earmarks deposited by host E3 ligase RNF213 to prevent bacterial recognition & destruction
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Intestinal colonization resistance in the context of environmental, host & microbial determinants.@baerboletta & Co examine interplay between #microbes &their host that protects against infection & is influenced by metabolic, immune & environmental factors
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Impact of natural microbes on immune system maturation: @CadwellLab @LokePng &Graham lab release mice into a wild enclosure & find that increases in circulating granulocytes are associated w/ altered #microbiota, notably expansion of #fungi.
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Amino acid bites: Microbial snacking influences host metabolism. @FilipeDeVadder @Joly_amelie_ highlight work of @GuoGroupWCM exploring how gut bacteria deplete amino acids in gut lumen, modulating the amino acid landscape & energy metabolism of the host
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On this Valentine's Day, we are sending lots of love to #bacteriophages. Our February issue is a Special issue devoted to #phages @cellhostmicrobe
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Unearthing Ancient Origins of Antiviral Immunity: Can microbes provide clues about origin of #pathogen defenses? @bioBarber &Baker discuss @SorekLab findings that mammalian #antiviral protein viperin is more ancient & conserved than previously appreciated
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nBregs & early-life microbiota.Newborn regulatory B cells (nBreg) autocrinally regulate IgM via IL-10. mAbs from intestinal nBregs react against diverse bacteria, highlighting role of nBreg Abs in microbial diversity & early-life microbiota communities.
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Intestinal mucus & their glycans: A habitat for thriving #microbiota. @AnaSofLuis & Hansson @goteborgsuni review how commensal #bacteria can be selected by & utilize complex O-glycans of colonic mucins--while being kept at distance by inner mucus layer
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Snatching the Crown from SARS-CoV-2: @Virusnerdette examines works describing pseudotyping of VSV w/ #SARSCoV2 spike, which allows virus neutralization assays at BSL-2 and is a candidate vectored #vaccine to elicit protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2
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Featured Article: Mother-to-infant microbiota transmission & infant microbiota development across body sites. Maternal contributions to infant #microbiota differ by niche, w/main role for #breastmilk microbiota. @DebbyBogaert
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The developing infant gut #microbiome: A strain-level view. @HagayEnav @BackhedLab @RuthLeyMicro review recent studies on #infant #gutmicrobiome, moving from broad taxonomic studies to strain level analyses & shedding new light on colonization & maturation
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Insights from Bacteroidales collection.Analysis of large human gut Bacteroidales culture collection reveals extensive strain-level genomic & metabolomic diversity & inter-species DNA transfer & strain evolution in human gut .Comstock lab @UChicago_Micro.
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Mapping SARS-CoV-2 escape: @jbloom_lab & Crowe lab develop method to map all #SARSCoV2 RBD mutations that escape #antibody binding. Applying method to Abs yields maps predicting mutations that arise when #virus is grown w/Ab
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Neonatal microbial-skin crosstalk shapes allergic inflammation. Early postnatal colonization w/skin #microbiota, esp. IAld-producing #Staphylococcus, induces ILC2 priming by TSLP. This early ILC2 priming promotes allergic skin inflammation in adulthood
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Septins conquer the divide: @KrokowskiSina & Mostowy lab discover that host septins recognize dividing #bacterial cells for entrapment and delivery to the lysosome @cellhostmicrobe
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Alveolar epithelium, a central hub in #antibacterial defense: @SunnyShinLab show that #Legionella -infected alveolar #macrophages induce alveolar epithelium to produce GM-CSF, which reprograms monocytes, amplifying inflammatory responses&promoting defense
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ROS gives E. coli a boost: @Winter_lab reveals that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by intestinal epithelium promote outgrowth of #Ecoli. Detoxification of inflammatory ROS through AppBCX allows E. coli to respire in otherwise anaerobic environment
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#Fungi linked to #IBD: New work shows that the common commensal skin yeast, Malassezia, is associated with #CrohnsDisease and exacerbates #Colitis in mouse models through mechanisms requiring CARD9
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Phage satellites ride on coat-“tails”. #Phage satellite family encodes all proteins to produce capsids-where satellite genomes are exclusively packaged-& only parasitizes phage tails to produce particles @Alqurainyn Miguel-Romero @AlfredFillol @jrpenades
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Bacteroides PULs determine fitness & function: @oventurelli2 & Co show Polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) in #Bacteroides uniformis provide fitness advantage/disadvantage in gut #microbiota that depends on nutrient availability
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Sweet effects of honeybee microbiota:.Honeybee microbiota metabolizes pollen PUFAs. Gilliamella apicola converts linoleic acid to anandamide, which activates AmHsTRPA to regulate glutamate/GABA balance in glial cells, ultimately enhancing reward learning.
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Birth mode, birthplace & breastfeeding influence infant gut colonization: @martselm @leonardubois @SerenaManara @cibiocm @mcarmen_collado report delivery mode & place impact microbiota transmission; breastfeeding influences replacement of B. longum subsp
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Aspartate & Malate Drive Salmonella Colonization: #Salmonella Typhimurium imports aspartate/malate via DcuABC transporters &converts these into fumarate to fuel anaerobic H2/fumarate respiration, allowing bacteria to compete in #microbiota-colonized #gut.
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Complex Immune Dysregulation in COVID19 patients w/severe respiratory failure. Macrophage activation syndrome&defective #AntigenPresentation driven by IL-6 precede severe respiratory failure in #COVID19. IL-6 blocker partially rescues #immune dysregulation
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Infant gut resistome: Analysis of #antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) distribution in #infant gut shows E.coli is ARG reservoir. Infant gut resistome associated w/environmental factors, #gut #microbiome maturation& #bacteria associated w/ #asthma development
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Carbon source competition limits #Ecoli provides colonization resistance against #Salmonella by competing for carbon source galactitol w/specific #microbiota. Lachnospiraceae consuming C5/C6 sugars also play roles @baerboletta
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Microbiome MAGIC .Metagenome-assembled genome inventory for children(MAGIC) features prokaryotic/viral genomes, enabling characterization of microbiome dynamics & keystone species & strain-level study.@YePeng21 @alienzj @linzhang8385 @Siew_C_Ng @TheTunLab.
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Sensing a pattern: @kvnforsberg discusses work of @zhangf @ScienceMagazine showing pattern-recognition receptors found in eukaryotes are also in bacteria. #Bacteria use similar receptors to detect conserved #phage proteins & activate analogous immunity
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Small RNAs direct attack & defense. VP882 phage activation promotes sRNA base pairing w/V.cholerae or phage transcripts via Hfq. Phage&host-encoded sRNAs regulate expression @ post-transcriptional level to enhance or inhibit phage replication @papenfortlab
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Leveraging Klebsiella PhageBank.@Klebsi_Ella_R @mark_mimee describe Klebsiella PhageBank for design of phage cocktails that suppress carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae in mouse gut. Phage-bacterial interactions shape bacterial virulence & phage host range.
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AMPing up inflammation. @CadwellLab shows #antimicrobial REG3 proteins overproduced in IBD perpetuate inflammation by depleting E. faecium from #microbiota. Enterococcus DL-endopeptidase SagA activates NOD2 to produce IL-1β, which induces protective IL-22
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Microbiome Enterosignatures: @c_frioux @Falk_tw introduce enterosignatures as microbial guilds whose assemblies are accurate descriptors of human gut #microbiome composition. Enterosignature composition is dynamic & changes over lifetime
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Trick & no treat: Carbohydrate preemption by commensal Enterobacteriaceae. @ShealyNic @Mari_Byndloss highlight works from @baerboletta @StrowigLab showing how Enterobacteriaceae preempt #pathogen carbohydrate utilization--dependent upon #microbiota comp.
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IFN therapy for COVID-19: In retrospective study of #COVID19 patients, early administration of interferon-α2b was associated w/reduced mortality-but late #interferon therapy increased mortality&delayed recovery, suggesting IFN timing is crucial. #SARSCoV2
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Neutralizing Ab & soluble ACE2 inhibition of replication-competent VSV-SARS-CoV-2 & clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2: @paulrothlauf @vsv512 JB Case &Diamond lab generate replication-competent VSV expressing #SARSCoV2 spike that closely parallels SARS-CoV-2
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Bacteriostatic antibiotics promote CRISPR-Cas immunity: @TatianaDimitriu @edzewestra find bacteriostatic #antibiotics promote #CRISPR-Cas immunity by slowing #phage replication. Delayed phage production allows cells to acquire spacers against phages
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Salmonella breaks colonization resistance.Salmonella overcomes colonization resistance w/intact microbiota by disrupting epithelial hypoxia. Outgrowth fueled by catabolizing simple sugars via combo of aerobic respiration & mixed acid fermentation.@abaumler.
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Virome in IBD: @adamclooney, T Sutton @colinhillucc &Co examine changes in human gut #virome by analyzing known & unknown viral sequences; they provide evidence that healthy core of virulent bacteriophage is replaced by temperate #bacteriophage in #IBD
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The Social Network of Microbes. Our April Special Issue is now live! Find reviews and perspectives on the communication patterns and social lives of #microbes
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Mucin-binding adhesins: A key to unlocking the door of mutualism. @Goo9Han @ShipraVaishnava highlight work of @tjarrods @GuilleminLab unveiling that mucus binding by bacteria is crucial for host-microbe symbiosis.
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Assessing #phage-host population dynamics by reintroducing virulent viruses. @EmmaAllenVercoe shows colony isolation removes virulent viruses from gut #bacteria. Reintroducing virulent #virome to bacteria has specific impacts on community & prophages
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Antibiotic resistance: A key microbial survival mechanism that threatens public health.Wright lab @McMasterU discuss how antibiotic resistance is a survival trait evolved by bacteria & mobilized across populations, posing a threat to medicine & agriculture
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Beneficial effects of #FecalMicrobiotaTransplantation in recurrent C.difficile. Review discussing potential mechanisms of action of FMT in preventing recurrent #Cdiff-from ecological, microbial mediated metabolic, immunological & epigenetic perspectives
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Won’t you be my neighbor? The importance of biogeography and nutrient niches in the gut. @A2_Insanity @joeyzacks highlight work from @abaumler demonstrating how a #commensal and #pathogen differ in how and where they acquire nitrate
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