Brethren of Purity
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Spreading rational philosophical Islam - Philosophy | Islam | Mysticism | Anti-Neo-Athari YouTube:
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Brethren of Purity:
We're a collective of followers of various schools of Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism. We've all joined together for one common purpose - to promote The Eternal Wisdom (Hikmah) and to counter a destructive force that is overtaking Islam - Wahabism/Salafism...
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Can *anyone* go to Heaven?
In his remarkable work (Divine Justice), Shahīd Murtaḍā Mutahharī argues that the common Muslim belief in exclusivism (that only Muslims will go to heaven) is wrong. He posits that there are people like Descartes, who have sincerity towards Truth.
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The current Salafi Dawah shows a very interesting and contradictory trend. In front of Muslims, they essentially appeal to their interpretation of scripture, and disregard philosophy, whereas in front of non-muslims, they enjoy using Islamic philosophical arguments.
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Before Wahabism took over, there was a booming and diverse Intellectual life in Ḥijāz that also included affirmation of Akbarian Sufism.
Two brilliant works have been produced in this regard.
Intellectual Life n the Ḥijāz before Wahhabism.
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Annemarie Schimmel (d. 2003), the great German scholar of Sufism, Islamic Studies and Islamic Philosophy has this Ḥadīth of Imām ʿAlī on her grave:
People are sleeping. When they die, they wake up.
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Mullā Ṣadrā's Argument for God's Existence:
1) The only basis for existential differentiation is existence itself.
2) If the only reason for existential differentiation is existence itself, then existence must be gradational.
3) Therefore, existence is gradational.
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The Metaphysics of Healing written by Ibn Sina is one of the most important works of Islamic Philosophy. A parallel translation of the work was prepared by Michael Marmura.
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Hebrew in Qurʾān?
In one his talks, Dr Ali Ataie makes some observations regarding Hebrew references in Qurʾān. This line of reasoning maybe interesting to look into. These examples might be of interest. Here are some references that one can look into regarding this:
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Kufr means "to cover"
Not everyone who is a non-muslim is a Kāfir. A Kafir is the one who knows the Truth and it has become manifest to them, yet they deny it. That's not the case with any non-muslim today. Kufr is a psychological and spiritual state. It's not...
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The Salafī opposition to music is something largely particular to them.
Even in early Islamic tradition, there are many examples of permissibility of music (from Sunnis and Shias).
When ʿAlī bin Jaʿfar asked Imam Musā bin Jaʿfar about music, he replied: "No problem in it."
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The Esotericism of Shīʿī Women:
One of the most valuable historical sources of Islām is the Tārīkh of Ṭabarī because it preserves fragments from works of prior historians, such as Abū Mikhnaf.
Ṭabarī reports that during the first century of Islām, there was a group of...
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Anthropomorphism of Salafis:
Modern philological and historical studies show conclusively that early Sunnī Traditionalists (and their later followers such as Ibn Taymiyah) supported Anthropomorphism. A detailed study on this has been produced by Livant Holtzman.
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5 Books for Beginners of Islamic Philosophy (Primary Source Edition):
Islamic Philosophy is a wide domain with thousands of primary works. In this video, we will focus on the 5 important ones that a beginner can use to learn the basics of Islamic Philosophy.
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If you usually search for Islamic, particularly Ḥanbalī texts, on Google, you may have realized that CIA hosts many PDFs of these texts. The reason for that is the data taken from OBL's devices was declassified by the CIA and is still available on their website.
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1/ The Arabic "Qur'an" (قُرْآن) and Syriac "Qeryānā" (ܩܪܝܢܐ) share a common Semitic root q-r-ʾ, meaning "to recite" or "to read." The connection is not just linguistic; "Qur'an" is basically a direct translation of "Qeryānā," reflecting deep cultural links between the traditions.
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The Origin of Shī'ī-Sunnī Split:
The Shīʿī-Sunnī split is often seen as a political division that later became theological. Many argue it was merely about politics, with theological differences emerging much later. This view is challenged by important historical sources.
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The "Umayyadification" of Global Islamic perception is a great problem. Even in the earliest times, the Christian knowledge of Islam was mediated by Umayyad sources. This is proven by the fact that they use the name Abū Turāb for Imām ʿAlī.
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The Metaphysics of Mullā Ṣadrā is a translation of Kitāb al-Mashāʿir of Mullā Ṣadrā by Parviz Morewedge. It is one of the main theosophical works of Ṣadrā along with his magnum opus Asfār.
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Ex-Muslim's Guide to Anti-Islam Polemics:
> Take the most irrational and extremist version of Islam
> Assert it is the most authentic and correct version of Islam
> Refute it on partially rational grounds
---
> Conclude all of Islam is irrational and has been refuted.
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AI-generated depiction of a mythical Islamic bird known as Simurgh who is often connected with mysticism and spiritual enlightenment.
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In Shī'ī Hadith corpus, there are multiple traditions on Alien Life that speak of life on other stars or planets similar to Earth. In addition to this, it is shown that the alien life is also intelligent and can understand religious commandments.
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A very common trope in some atheist circles is to reduce Islam to Wahhabism, and argue that Islamic Philosophers were atheists. This is obviously false and can be disproven by the simple fact that all Islamic Philosophers posit God as the ontological ground of all Being.
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Remarks of Ibn ʿArabī about Imām ʿAlī:
For Ibn ʿArabī, Imām ʿAlī is the closest to the Prophetic Reality (Haqīqah al-Muhammadiyah).
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In a recent development, we're seeing a Salafi Civil War.
The Salafi Salafis vs the Salafi Salafi Salafis
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Before the introduction of writings of ʿAbd al-Wahhāb and Ibn Taymiyah, the Muslims of Subcontinent (Sunnis and Shias alike) were either trained Ṣūfīs/Urafa or followers folk Sufism. Alternative view, if any, were merely a minority.
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The contemporary inclusion of Ibn Taymiyah in the list of Islamic Philosophers and presenting his philosophical framework in opposition to Falsafa is a very interesting development.
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Salafī theology has never been the majority school of Islamic theology. From 110 onwards, Islamic Neoplatonism enjoyed great acceptance both in Shīʿī and Sunnī world. Sunnī Ṣūfīs used Maturīdi basic creed, and Ṣūfī Neoplatonism for more complex and artistic discourse.
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The doctrine of "4 Rightly Guided Caliphs" is very likely a view forged around 120 AH/737 AD. The famous Ḥadīth of Safīna that says "Rightly Guided Caliphate will be 30 years" has a common link in a rather unknown transmitter Saʿīd Ibn Jumhān. It is likely that Basrans were...
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Early Sufism and Shi'ism:
Many Sufi doctrines have their roots in early Imāmī discourse that was popularized by students of Imām Ja'far al-Sadiq. These themes include Pre-existence of Muhammadan Light, the Perfect Human, First Intellect and Zahir-Batin of Qur'an.
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The recent Shia killings (very unfortunate!) show the deep-rooted Shiaphobia that is in Western Muslims. Please remember that when you promote neo-Atharis like Muhammad Hijab, Daniel Haqiqatjou and co who call Ibn Taymiyyah Sheikh of Islam, this is what will happen.
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The Value of Isnād:
In critical and coherent inductive scholarship, a decisive view has been presented regarding the status of Isnād.
In this view, Isnād are sources of information, but cannot be used independently to assert that a certain piece of information has historicity.
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In Islamic philosophical mysticism, two personalities hold fundamental importance.
1) Shaykh al-Ishraq Suhrawardi (d.1191)
2) Mulla Sadra (d. 1641)
Suhrawardi, inspired by various lines of thinking, developed Illuminationism.
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One of the most famous Tafāsir using Islamic mystical and philosophcial notions was written by Kamāl al-Dīn ʿ Abd al-Razzāq al-Kāshānī (d. 1330), a major commentator in the Akbarian tradition.
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Islamism and Marxism:
Due to the current political and the discussions resulting due to it, the topic of Marxist engagement with Islam/Islamism and vice versa is getting a partial revival.
With radical leftists looking to develop nuanced views about Islamist politics,
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A beautiful manuscript of an "I am" sermon (Khutbah al-Bayān) attributed to Imām ʿAlī. These "I am" sermons show a structural similarity with Jesus' saying in the Gospel of John.
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In Shīʿī Ḥadīth works, the chain of the narrators, unlike Sunnī works, is not the chain of oral transmission, but rather the chain of transmission of books that were passed from the teacher to the student.
Due to this, Shīʿī Ḥadīth have less textual variability...
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New book on a very important early Shī'ī Ismaili text known as Kitāb al-Kashf. After its publication, it has received some attention in Western academy but this is the first detailed monograph on the work.
It will be available open access soon.
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It is entirely possible that such sincere people can go to heaven.
He distinguishes between external Islam (Islām-i Ẓāhirī), an external expression of accepting Islām, and dispositional/inner Islām (Islām-i fiṭrī). It is actually the internal reality and submission...
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An early inscription of Surah Qadr (Q 97).
In Q 97:4, the inscription reads tanzīl (revelation/descent) rather than the common tanazzal of the Ḥafs recitation.
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When did mourning ritual for Ḥusayn begin?
There is no clear historical account for when exactly did it begin, early Shīʿī source, such as Kāmil al-Ziyārat, one can posit that the practice was already established before the 10th century.
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Although Ghazālī's work against Falāsifa is known, it is not well-known a Mu'tazili, Rukn al-Dīn al-Malāḥimī also wrote a work against Islamic Philosophers. Opposition to Islamic philosophy was not an Ashari endeavor only.
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One of the most Ironic and equally interesting Ḥadith that can be found in some Sunnī sources is this.
The Prophet said:
"I am the City of Knowledge. ʿAlī is its Door and Muawiyah is its boundary."
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@QuetzaIc0atl
Yes, even if they have heard of Islām. God will judge them based on whether they intentionally denied the truth after knowing it, or not.
Maybe they heard of Islam, but it did not make rational sense to them at that time, and they were sincere in their search for truth.
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A stark and clear difference between Shīʿī and Sunnī Ḥadīth compilations is that while Sunnī Ḥadīth Compilation primarily focus on practices (broadly fiqh), the Shīʿī Ḥadīth compilations focus, first and foremost, on esoteric and metaphysical themes that shape the Spirit.
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actions that are good due the goodness of their own heart, and not to feed ego. Such a person, regardless of their external belief, would be considered a Muslim at the Day or Judgment because they served the truth with pure intention and submitted to it.
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Ibn Taymiyah claims that he was able to understand Hebrew due to knowing Arabic.
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Ibn Sīnā was perhaps one of the first systematic metaphysicians to comment on modal logic and categories. Unfortunately, even today, analytic Philosophers ignore his complete work on modality. While analytic philosophers largely operate in possible worlds semantics...
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Sunnī claims to Imām Jaʿfar have not been extensively studied in Western Academia. The scholars who have done so do agree upon apocryphal nature of some of them. "Sunnī Claims to Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq" is one such publication.
Link:
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To substantiate this belief, Shahīd cites multiple Shīʿī traditions where even being a polytheist's punishment was extremely reduced, or nearly ended just because of their kind actions. Based on such traditions, he argues, technically, anyone can go to heaven.
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Mullā Ṣadrā and Ibn ʿArabī on those who shall remain in hell forever.
Triumph of Mercy, pg. 159
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Born in 1929 in Āmul, Ayatullāh Ḥasanzādeh Āmulī took interest in religious disciplines from the very beginning of his life. He describes a mystical vision during his teens — a light of some kind, that guided him to study Islamic philosophy, law and mysticism.
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of a person that actually affects their Soul and their eventual location, be it Heaven or Hell. Therefore, it is entirely possible for a person to be an external atheist (or any other religion/lack thereof) but internally be a Muslim, someone who submits to truth and does...
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This is another important work of Islamic mysticism — a translation of some of treatises of Shaykh al-Ishrāq Suhrawardi. He explains notions relating to Ḥikmat al-Ishrāq in this work. The work contains 9 short treatises.
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Imām Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq (702-765) is an Imām (Representative of Allāh and his Vicegerent) for two main surviving Shīʿī communities: Twelvers and Ismāʿīlī. In Sunnī tradition, he is portrayed as a great jurist and a teacher of Abū Hanīfa.
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Divine Simplicity in Islam:
Divine Simplicity is the view that God is absolutely simple, does not have any parts, and that His attributes are identical to His Essence. Historically, this is a view which has a very early provenance in Islam. Early Alids and Kharjites ....
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ʾIqtiṣādunā — a work on Islamic Economics by the Sadrian philosopher Shahīd Bāqir al-Ṣadr. In this work, he attempts to layout a framework for Islamic Economics that is different from Communism and Laissez-faire Capitalism.
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While Ghazālī certainly did have *some* effect on the condition of Islamic philosophy, it must be noted that an unbroken chain of Islamic philosophical thinking survived in Iran, producing philosophers as influential as Mullā Ṣadrā, Mīr Dāmād and Ṭabāṭabāʾī.
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Ikhwān al-Ṣafā did not only influence Ibn ʿArabī, but also his teachers. There are studies on this topic as well, such as the one cited below.
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An AI-generated picture of one of the greatest Islamic philosophers and mystics, Mullā Ṣadrā.
تصویری از بزرگترین فیلسوف و عارف اسلامی ملاصدرا، ساخته شده با کمک هوش مصنوعی.
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Łewond (d. before 900), an Armenian Christian writer, priest, historian and polemicist notes from a prior source, arguably a letter of Leo, a Christian King, written to ʿUmar bin ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz in which the Christian accuses the Umayyad religion (and/or) Sunnī Islam of allowing ..
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Salafism and Wahabism is dogmatically against critical thinking. Many people leave Islam primarily because of dominance of Wahabi discourse. Promotion of mystical dimensions of Islam and a stance against Wahabism is in humanity's general interest.
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Many mystics, at some point in their youth, experience a transformative light that changes their perspective. This is a common topos in mystical writings. Here is Allameh Ḥasan Ḥasanzādeh Āmulī (d. 2021), a famous Ṣadrian mystic, explaining his experience:
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Akbarian, Sadrian, and Ismāʿīlī (and other esoteric Shīʿī thinkers) show a remarkable agreement on the status of First Emanation.
For all of them, the very first emanation from the Divine Essence is not a particularized ipseity but the Universal General Existence.
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Khalaq does not necessarily mean creation ex-nihilo.
Decharneux argues that Quran does not affirm creation ex-nihilo.
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The Sunnī Tradition of Islam has a history of mystical and philosophical works as well. Before the Wahabi takeover, Turkish, Persian and Indian scholars engaged in Islamic Philosophy (Falsafa) along with a very philosophical form of Kalām. This heritage has been forgotten.
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Accusing Mullā Ṣadrā of merely copying other figures is ignoring that the so-called "original" figures also are indebted to prior Shī'ī esotericism. Mullā Ṣadrā just synthesizes the categories so they can be read with Shī'ī Ḥadith corpus. Shī'ī esotericism predates Sufism.
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European Enlightenment itself would not exist if not for the works of Islamic philosophers like Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, Ibn Tufayl and their medieval commentators.
Even a dogma like Islam has to pass the test at alter of reason now. I see this as total W for European enlightenment
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The most basic fallacy many critics of "Islam" make is that they don't realize there are multiple "Islams" as they socially manifest and they've competing claims to orthodoxy. There is no way a Shi'i is answerable for what a Wahabi does or vice versa.
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Spinoza Argument for Divine Existence - An Ignored Treasure:
While some arguments for God are famous, others are very underrated. In the case of Spinoza's Argument, it is possible to point out a simple reason; the argument is simply very complex to present and understand.
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Ṣaḥīfa Sajjādiya, sometimes termed the Psalms of Islam is a collection of prayers attributed to the great grandson of the Prophet, Imām Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn. Both Zaydis and Imāmis have transmitted their versions of this work. Below is a Arabic-Farsi manuscript of Ṣaḥīfa.
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Happy Nawrūz
In the Shī'ī tradition, a prayer is often said on Nawrūz:
يَا مُقَلِّبَ الْقُلُوْبِ وَ الاَبْصَارِ يَا مُدَبِّرَ الَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ يَا مُحَوِّلَ الْحَوْلِ وَ الاَحْوَالِ حَوِّلْ حَالَنَا اِلى اَحْسَنِ الْحَالِ
O the changer of hearts and sights...
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Ḥikamt al-Ishrāq is an important work of Islamic Illuminationism written by the Martyr Shaykh al-Ishrāq. A translation of it has been produced by John Walbridge and Hossein Zai.
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This is not a "white people" narrative. This is the narrative of ʿAlīds who were persecuted by Umayyads, and faced great suppression. Historically, Subcontinental, including Pakistani, Islam has maintained an anti-Umayyad and Pro-ʿAlī character.
It’s interesting to me how white people can study something and sow division everywhere they go.
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While Muʿtazila were, without a doubt, relatively smart, their metaphysical and axiological system, is in no way, shape, or form better than even early Falāsifa.
Farābī, for example, constructed a system much more coherent than all Muʿtazili thinkers. Muʿtazila are overly...
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Zaytuna College, which is essentially a Sunnī institute, also teaches the Bidāyah of Allāmeh Tababtabi, a great Twelver philosopher, in its courses on Islamic Metaphysics and Philosophy.
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Many Sunnis, unfortunately, don't know about the Neoplatonic/Emanationist influences in traditional Sunni texts. Firgures like Abdul Qadir Jillani, Ghazali, Ibn Arabi, Shah Waliullah, Hamza Fanari, Qaisari, Qunawi, Jami, Jili, Jundi, Kubra, Rumi, and many others were all ...
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Imām al-Ṣādiq is reported to have said:
معرفته معرفة الله ومعرفة الله معرفته
Gnosis of Imām ʿAlī is Divine Gnosis and Divine Gnosis is Gnosis of Imām ʿAlī.
Riyāḍ al-Jinān
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Sunnī Neo-traditionalism is a serious concern.
On one side, we have Salafists who deny the tradition completely. On the other hand, we have people like Foudah and Winter, who claim to affirm the tradition but at the same time, fail to use any resources developed by it.
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A diagram made by Syed Ḥaider Āmūlī, the great Imāmī mystic, based on Ibn ʿArabī's description of 12 Poles (Aqṭāb).
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A non-exhaustive list of some major (arguably) Shīʿī Philosophers:
Jābir Ibn Ḥayyān (d. 815)
Bayazīd Busṭāmī (d. 849)
Manṣūr al-Ḥallāj (d. 922)
Ikhwān al-Ṣafā (d. 10th century)
Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī (d. 950)
Ḥasan Ibn Shuʿba al-Ḥarrānī (d. 10th century)
Ibn Sīnā (d. 1037)
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ʿAllāmeh Ṭabṭabāʾī (d. 1981) was a Twelver mystic and philosopher primarily known for his Tafsīr al-Mīzān and footnotes on Mullā Ṣadrā's Asfār. He is a major influence for many contemporary philosophers both in traditional circles and western academic circles.
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An AI-generated image of Sheikh al-Ishraq Suhrawardī (d. 1191). He is the Master of Illuminationists. He combined all ancient wisdoms into a comprehensive system of theology and philosophy.
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The most established School of Islamic Neoplatonic Philosophy (Falsafa) currently is in Qum, Iran. Qum has remained a hub for the preservation of not only Islamic Philosophy but also Philosophical Mysticism (Irfan/Sufism).
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For the Islamic philosophers, the relationship between God and the creation is not like that of a watch and a watchmaker because once a watchmaker has produced the watch, the watch can exist independently of the watchmaker.
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This important work is now available open access.
Please download and share.
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Opposing the Imām by Nebil Husayn
A work in which Dr. Nebil discusses the history of Nawāṣib. He divides early Islamic community in different categories on the basis of their attitude towards Imām ʿAlī and develops his analysis from this conceptual base. Recommended work.
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While early Shīʿī Esotericism was a private matter, some secretive content was still recorded in Sunnī works. One prominent example is this ḥadīth cited by Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, a Sunnī Imām know for accommodating the figure of ʿAlī in Sunnī discourse.
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A major reason for the downfall of Muslims is their abandoning of Islamic Philosophical teachings. Islamic Philosophy provided a base for Intellectual development by introducting an ayah-based ontology in which everything was God's Sign. This ontology itself helps people...
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One way Shī'ī mystics tackled "I am" statements that are attributed to Jesus and used to prove Trinity is by showing that such statements are attributed to other Perfect Humans as well. For example, here is what Imām ʿAli says:
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One work on Islamic philosophy that has gained multiple positive reviews from critical scholars is "Knowledge in Later Islamic Philosophy" by Ibrahim Kalin. Kalin, a student of Hossein Nasr, is currently serving as the Director of National Intelligence Organization, Turkey.
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End of Hell:
قال النبي: لو لبث أهل النار في النار بقدر رمل عالج لكان لهم على ذلك يوم يخرجون فيه
Even if people of Hellfire stayed there (i.e: in Hell) for as long as the amount of the sand of ʿĀlij (for a very long time), ...
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The constant attempts by Orientalists (and Islamophobes or similar) to distance Islamic Rationalism from Islam is the manifestation of their inherent bias which conceives of Islam as irrational. Anything philosophical in Islam must be from Greeks. Simply false.
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The Aḥādith on "Four Caliphs" are all likely forged. In proto-Sunnī circles, there was no consensus on the number of Caliphs; some said 2, some said 3, and only later, some said 4. The view was popularized by, amongst others, Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal
Saʿīd al-Dārimī reported:
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In Islamic hagiography, writing the lineage is considered important. Some people trace back the lineage 5-10 generations. More ambitious projects attempt to take it back to Adam, the first human.
This manuscript, supposedly, mentions the complete lineage of Imām ʿAlī.
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In our latest video, we answer the objection that Shī'ī esotericists merely copied from Sunnī sources.
What is more appropriate is that they are taking from a common esoteric trend.
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Neo-Atharis love using Philosophy against Non-Muslims but when Muslims use Philosophy against them... They just can't take it. This is what happens when you've anthropomorphic-sounding theologies hidden under philosophical jargon (which itself is stolen from Islamic Philosophers)
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The whole Ex-Muslim Atheist discourse is built around refuting Wahabis and taking dogmatic positions about Sunni Hadith corpus. As soon as someone else (Shi'i or Sufi) argues against them, they get triggered and can't answer. Hashmi vs Sultan is just a recent example of this.
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Asking the Prophet:
According to Islamic mystics, asking the Prophet is absolutely allowed and even encouraged. The reason for this is very simple.
Prophet is the Perfect Human and in essence, he is the First Intellect. The First Intellect is in a causal relationship with ...
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A certain openness that marks the study of Islamic mysticism is that traditional ʿIrfān seminaries of Qum teach texts by Sunnī mystics such as Miṣbāḥ al-Uns. In some cases, these texts are not even taught in Sunnī world. The seminary of Qum, right now, is perhaps the only...
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