Find over 1400 psychedelic research papers in our updated database 📣 Filter by topic, from neuroscience to OCD 🥼 Only show the type of study you want to find (e.g. double-blind) 🌵 Get specific about which compound to show

This systematic review and meta-analysis (s=87; 2025) finds esketamine’s efficacy as an adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) to be modest (effect size 0.15-0.23) and comparable to atypical antipsychotics, with no significant effect on suicidality. The review raises concerns about esketamine’s abuse potential and unknown long-term effects. It also highlights regulatory issues, including deaths and emerging suicidality during clinical trials.

This single-blind (n=11) study with healthy participants shows that confidence in negative self-beliefs decreased after a high dose of psilocybin (25mg) which predicted increases in well-being four weeks later. This provides the first psychological (vs neurological) information on the validity of the REBUS model.

This pooled analysis of two Phase II RCTs (n=79) evaluates psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP/PAT) for cancer-related distress. PAT significantly improves anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, obsession–compulsion, and somatization without inducing lasting phobia, paranoia, or psychosis.

This secondary analysis of an open-label, single-blind, Phase IIIb trial (n=676) compares esketamine nasal spray plus an SSRI/SNRI versus extended-release quetiapine plus an SSRI/SNRI for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). It finds esketamine to be superior in achieving remission at week 8 (27.1% vs. 17.6%, p=0.003) and preventing relapse through week 32 (21.7% vs. 14.1%). Adverse events align with known safety profiles.

This secondary analysis of an RCT (n=31) evaluates a novel pharmaceutical formulation of DMT and harmine in healthy male volunteers. The study finds that intranasal DMT and buccal harmine (pharmahuasca) produce consistent pharmacokinetic profiles and safe, well-tolerated effects resembling ayahuasca, with subjective experiences lasting 2–3 hours. This formulation is proposed as a safer, standardised alternative for potential therapeutic use in mental health disorders.

This preprint, randomized controlled trial (n=25) evaluates the safety and efficacy of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP/PAT) combined with mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for frontline healthcare providers with depression and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show greater improvements in depression (QIDS-SR-16), burnout (MBI-HSS-MP), demoralization (DS-II), and connectedness (WCS) in the MBSR+PAP group compared to MBSR alone, with no serious adverse events reported.

This observational study (n=83) examines factors influencing the effects of individual psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) on depression, anxiety, PTSD, and personality traits. Results show that a single high dose of psilocybin reduces symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD over three months while increasing openness and conscientiousness. Mystical experiences, emotional breakthroughs, and personal growth, along with demographic factors, moderate these positive changes.

This retrospective cohort study (n=14,912) examines healthcare resource use (HRU) and costs among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and acute suicidal ideation or behaviour (SI) initiated on esketamine nasal spray, ECT, SGA augmentation, or antidepressant monotherapy in the U.S. Esketamine-treated patients (n=122) had lower acute care HRU (0.59 days) and costs ($1869/month) compared to ECT (3.17 days, $4624) and SGA augmentation (0.92 days, $2163), but higher than monotherapy (0.32 days, $863). Esketamine reduced HRU (58%) and costs (50%) most significantly from baseline.

This secondary analysis of a Phase III trial (n=174) evaluates the effects of subcutaneous ketamine on anxiety in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Significant reductions in anxiety (HAM-A scores) were observed in cohort 2 with flexible dosing (35-63mg/70kg) but not in cohort 1 with fixed low dosing (35mg/70kg). These effects, mediated by changes in depression (MADRS), were not sustained 4 weeks post-treatment.

This reanalysis of a Phase II study (n=84) investigates the effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) on personality traits in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Psilocybin (2x, 25-40mg/70kg; n=44) significantly reduced neuroticism and increased extraversion and openness compared to placebo (diphenhydramine, n=40). Decreased impulsiveness correlated with lower alcohol consumption post-treatment, suggesting PAT may normalize abnormal personality traits in AUD.

This article describes the Compass Psychological Support Model (CPSM) used to support participants with treatment-resistant depression undergoing investigational psilocybin treatment. The CPSM aims to ensure a safe and meaningful psychedelic experience, complemented by therapist training, mentoring, and fidelity assessment to maintain delivery quality and consistency.

This open-label trial (n=12) conducted at Sheppard Pratt Hospital finds that psilocybin (25mg) significantly decreases depressive symptoms in patients with severe treatment-resistant depression (TRD) at 3 weeks (MADRS −15.8) and 12 weeks (MADRS −17.2) post-treatment. Exploratory analyses suggest the Oceanic Boundlessness dimension correlates with antidepressant responses, while patients with comorbid PTSD show reduced antidepressant effects.

This repeated-measures dose-dependent study (n=19) investigates DMT’s subjective and neural dynamics under naturalistic conditions. Participants received 20mg or 40mg doses of freebase DMT in a blinded, counterbalanced design, with EEG data and time-resolved subjective measures collected. The 40mg dose produced more intense visual hallucinations and emotional responses. Neural analyses revealed alpha power and permutation entropy were most associated with subjective experiences, whereas lempel-ziv complexity was less predictive, challenging prior assumptions about its role in psychedelic states.

This phenomenological study (n=23) investigates DMT-induced immersive experiences and encounters with autonomous presences during fMRI scanning. Using micro-phenomenological interviews, it identifies structural features and temporal dynamics of DMT experiences, highlighting layered sensory, spatial, self-related, and social effects that extend beyond ego dissolution or mystical experiences.

This re-analysis of an RCT (n=51) investigates the effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on empathy in depressed patients. Participants received either a single psilocybin dose (15mg/70kg) or placebo within a 4-week psychological support programme. Psilocybin significantly improved emotional empathy, particularly towards positive stimuli, for up to two weeks compared to placebo.

This re-analysis of the COMPASS Phase IIb trial (n=233) investigates the relationships between psilocybin dose, psychedelic experiences, and therapeutic outcomes in treatment-resistant depression. Participants received a single dose of 25, 10, or 1 mg of psilocybin (COMP360) with psychological support. Higher doses produced stronger psychedelic effects, and reductions in depression (MADRS scores) at Week 3 correlated most strongly with dimensions of Oceanic Boundlessness (r = −0.508), Visual Restructuralization (r = −0.516), and Emotional Breakthrough Inventory (r = −0.637). Findings suggest the quality and intensity of psychedelic experiences mediate therapeutic outcomes and support dose-response mechanisms.

This re-analysis of a single-blind, fixed-order trial (n=28) investigates the effects of a single high-dose psilocybin (25 mg) on personality traits in psychedelic-naïve healthy volunteers. It finds significant reductions in neuroticism one month post-administration, moderated by subjective experience meaningfulness and ego dissolution, suggesting psilocybin catalyses lasting personality changes with therapeutic potential.

This systematic review (2024; s=9) of healthcare workers’ attitudes and knowledge about psychedelic-assisted therapy for patients with serious illness finds polarized views, with most acknowledging potential benefits but desiring further education and a stronger evidence base.

This review (2024) examines the recent approval by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and MDMA for PTSD, effective 1 July 2023. It highlights the campaign led by Mind Medicine Australia and supported by leading researchers and institutions, as well as implications for future approvals and psychedelic drug development pathways.

This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study (n=22) investigates the dose-dependent effects and pharmacokinetics of continuous intravenous DMT infusions over 120 minutes. It finds dose-proportional pharmacokinetics, a rapid onset of subjective effects that plateaus at 30 minutes, and a ceiling effect for positive effects at 1.8 mg/min. Higher doses (2.4 mg/min) induce anxiety and ego dissolution. Moderate acute tolerance and successful self-titration for desired effects were observed.