Dr Alan Montgomery
@_RomanBritain
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Exploring and writing about Roman Britain and its modern rediscovery. Insta: @classicalalan . Order my book Walking the Antonine Wall:
London, England
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If you love Scottish and/or Roman history, you might enjoy my book Walking the Antonine Wall, an account of my adventures as I journeyed on foot along Scotland's largest (and IMHO best!) historical monument
#romansitesaturday
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An exciting discovery from Scotland - this 1800-year-old slice of pizza was recently unearthed in the ruins of a broch. The dish was introduced to the region c. AD 83 by the Romans. Fragments of oil jars found nearby suggest that the Picts deep fried rather than baked their pizza
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I spend far too much of my time thinking about this spectacular Saxon doorway in Colchester. Leading into the tower of the Holy Trinity Church, it is made from recycled Roman tiles found among the ruins of the ancient city of Camulodunum.
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This incredible hoard of 160 gold coins was discovered under the floor of a Roman house at Corbridge, near Hadrian's Wall, in 1911. It was held in a bronze jug, with two bronze coins stuffed into its neck, perhaps to hide the more valuable ones beneath. Now in the
@britishmuseum
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Could this be Britain's finest example of spolia? The entire porch of the old schoolhouse in Rochester, Northumberland is built from carved Roman stones plundered from the ruins of Bremenium fort nearby. I particularly love the cute little window arch
#RomanSiteSaturday
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A quick question for any archaeologists, architects or engineers out there - I've noticed that ancient Roman walls often have layers of stone and brick, like this one at Burgh Castle in Norfolk. Is there any structural reason for this, or is it just decorative?
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For no particular reason other than I like it, here is a close-up of the amazing third-century Roman walls of Burgh Castle, Norfolk.
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Something to cheer us up on a cold, wet day - some Roman 'face pots' from London. Generally found in cemeteries or religious settings, such as the (now hidden) Walbrook stream, these ones are now in the collection of
@MuseumofLondon
.
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@KateSFWriter
I don't know why everyone is laughing at this very important archaeological discovery...;)
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Some photos of the lovely frescoes in the Villa Ventorum, a recreation of a 4th-century Roman villa in Somerset, England
#FrescoFriday
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Discovered in London in 1869, the spectacular Bucklersbury Roman mosaic attracted 50,000 visitors over three days. The largest ever to be found in the city, it can now be seen as part of a reconstruction of a room in a Roman townhouse
@MuseumofLondon
#MosaicMonday
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Surely some of the most poignant objects in the
@hunterian
in Glasgow, these Roman leather shoes were discovered at Bar Hill Roman Fort on the Antonine Wall. Once worn by a woman and children, they are an important reminder a Roman frontier was not an exclusively male space.
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We all love a Roman roof tile with an animal footprint on it, so here are three examples from Chedworth Roman villa - a dog, a sheep and an ox.
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A Saxon doorway built from recycled Roman bricks is just one of many historical gems to be found in Colchester. It's the Holy Trinity Church to be precise, its tower built around 1000 years ago using material plundered from the ruins of the ancient Roman city of Camulodunum.
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No matter how many times I see the Roman platter known as the Mildenhall Dish
@britishmuseum
it never fails to amaze. Discovered under mysterious circumstances in Suffolk, its imagery includes Oceanus in with a Bacchic scene around him - a drunk Hercules is held up by satyrs!
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More from Roman London - this stunning sculpture of a legionary probably came from a tomb but was later recycled as building material in the city wall at Camomile Street. He wears a sword and carries a case for writing tablets, suggesting that his role was partly clerical.
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I am delighted that so many of you shared my love for the porch built from Roman stones in Rochester, Northumberland. As a wee bonus, here is a lovely painting of it by Jessie Mothersole, published in her 1927 book 'Agricola's Road into Scotland'
#spolia
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This rare and beautiful bronze head of Hadrian, once part of a larger sculpture, was dredged up from the bed of the Thames near London Bridge in 1834. The statue was possibly erected in Londinium to commemorate the emperor's visit to Britannia in 122CE. Now in the
@britishmuseum
.
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Today I'm writing about this enigmatic structure that once stood in central Scotland. Known as Arthur's O'on (Oven) it was probably built by the Romans and later associated with King Arthur. Sadly, we will never know its true story, since it was tragically demolished in 1743.
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During yesterday's visit
@britishmuseum
I had a really good look at this fine Roman silver tray, known as the Corbridge Lanx. Decorated with images from classical mythology, it was discovered by a local cobbler's daughter on the banks of the River Tyne in Northumberland in 1735.
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Surely one of the most striking objects from Roman Britain in the
@britishmuseum
is the Ribchester helmet. Found along with a hoard of other artefacts by a Lancashire lad in 1796, it was later bought by collector Charles Townley, whose descendants sold it to the BM in 1814.
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This beautiful third-century sculpture in the
@MuseumofLondon
once decorated the Roman city of Londinium. It is traditionally said to represent the three mother goddesses, although the identity of the fourth figure remains a mystery.
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Famed for his conquest of southern Scotland and the Wall that he built from the Forth to the Clyde, Roman emperor Antoninus Pius took his surname 'Pius' from his love of the pastry delicacies eaten by the indigenous Caledonians, known in Rome as the 'pius Scotorum' (Scotch Pie)
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The hollow in this field by the Leaderfoot Viaduct is the remains of the Roman amphitheatre of Trimontium fort near Melrose. With an oval arena measuring 30 x 37 m, it would have held c. 1500 spectators and is the most northerly Roman amphitheatre in the world
#RomanFortThursday
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I am fascinated by this Roman altar, found near Kirkintilloch in Scotland in 1771, that is dedicated to 'genio terrae britannicae', the spirit of the land of Britain. As far as I know, this mysterious deity is otherwise unattested.
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Found in 1947 by ploughman Albert Beales just outside Colchester, near the site of a Romano-Celtic temple, the 'Gosbecks Mercury' is surely one of the finest Roman sculptures found in Britain. Beales kept it in his shed for two years, but it can now be found
@ColMuseums
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The little town of Corbridge, just south of Hadrian's Wall, is a great place to spot spolia. The medieval tower by the church of St Andrew is built from recycled Roman stones, while the church itself contains an entire Roman arch plundered from the nearby ruins of a Roman town.
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I love to spot recycled Roman building material (known as 'spoglia') when I visit ancient sites, but I've never seen anything like Colchester - a Saxon doorway, the Norman castle and priory, medieval churches and an 18thC folly all built from Roman brick and stone
#spogliatastic
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No visit to Rough Castle Roman fort near Falkirk is complete without a look at the gruesome lilia, defensive pits on the northern side of the frontier designed to break the ranks (and presumably the ankles) of any attacking Caledonians!
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To celebrate the release of my book 'Walking the Antonine Wall', which charts my adventures on Scotland's Roman frontier, I'm giving away a free copy. Just Follow and RT to enter, I will randomly select a winner on Sunday
#BookTwitter
#RomanBritain
#Scottishhistory
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PS if you want to find out more about what the Romans REALLY did in Scotland, check out my book 'Walking the Antonine Wall'! I
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For
#TombTuesday
, this is the tombstone of Roman soldier Longinus, born in what is now Bulgaria, buried outside Colchester in England aged 40 years old circa AD55. Amazingly, although the stone was found in the 1920s, Longinus' face was only discovered and reattached in 1996!
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The stunning Corbridge Lion is carved from sandstone and once adorned an ancient Roman tomb near the town of Coria, just south of Hadrian's Wall. A hole in its mouth reveals that it was later adapted to decorate a fountain, water pouring from its terrifying maw!
#TombTuesday
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It is amazing to think that the outer walls of wonderful Pevensey Castle in Sussex are largely Roman. This was one of the Saxon Shore forts, was probably built around 290AD and was named Anderida. It's also where William the Conquerer landed as he started his conquest of England.
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One of the highlights for me of the Legion exhibit at
@britishmuseum
is the Vettweiss-Froitzheim Dice Tower. Used in the playing of dice games, its text reads: PICTOS VICTOS HOSTIS DELETA LVDITE SECVRI, 'With the Picts defeated, The enemy has been destroyed, So play in safety'.
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Can you guess where I went yesterday? Lots more photos to follow, of course!
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In a bid to revive the flagging hashtag
#RomanRoadFriday
, here is a photo of one of my favourites, which runs from Auchterader to Perth. It was built as part of the Gask Ridge frontier in the late first century and was lined with forts and watch towers.
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This is the tombstone of the Roman centurion Ammonius, son of Damio, from the First Cohort of Spaniards, who saw 27 years’ service and was buried at Ardoch in Perthshire, Scotland. It was discovered in the late 1600s and is now exhibited
@hunterian
#TombTuesday
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Everyone's heard of Hadrian's Wall, but how many know about our OTHER Roman wall, the 2ndC Antonine Wall which runs across central Scotland? In some places like Watling Lodge, Falkirk the remains of its ditch are just as impressive as anything the southern frontier has to offer!
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Yesterday I unearthed this photo of me with my late father on my first visit to Hadrian's Wall in 1982. I can still remember how exciting it all was! It looks like it was taken at a turret, but I have no idea which one - can any of you Wall aficionados out there help identify it?
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A sequel to yesterday's tweet about the tombstone of Roman soldier Longinus - in 1996, 68 years after the stone was first discovered, the missing head of Longinus himself was found at the same spot near Lexden Road in Colchester. The two are now happily reunited in
@ColMuseums
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Surely the most striking Roman mosaic in the Verulamium Museum, St Albans, is this one, which features a powerful image of a horned god. Is it the Roman sea god Oceanus? Or a representation of Cernunnos, Celtic god of the hunt? Either way, he is pretty impressive!
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A photo from my visit to Pevensey Castle yesterday, perfect for
#Romanfortthursday
. The castle's mighty stone walls were originally built by the Romans in the 290s. It later became a Saxon town and the Normans built a castle which recycled the Roman walls for its outer bailey.
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So yesterday's tweet with a photo of a Roman wall went crazy - we're all looking for simple pleasures at the moment I suspect! Here's another interesting wall, the Roman city wall of Colchester
@ColchRomanWall
. Why not share your images of lovely old walls? Label it
#walloftheday
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The church at Reculver in Kent may be medieval, but its walls are built from recycled stones and tiles plundered from the ruins of the Roman fort of Regulbium that surround it
#RomanFortThursday
#spolia
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Yesterday I visited the site of the Roman fort of Trimontium, near Melrose. This photo shows a 1920s monument, in the background is Eildon Hill North, with an Iron Age fort and Roman signal station at the top - with luck I will be climbing it this afternoon...
#RomanFortThursday
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I've wanted to visit for ages, and last week I finally got to the Roman mausoleum at Rochester in Northumberland. Possibly the remains of a monumental tomb of a soldier from the nearby fort, it is surrounded by other burials along a stretch of Dere Street Roman road
#TombTuesday
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@Historic_Ally
Lots of very confused history here. I like the bit about the 'British' being ruthless towards the Jacobites (who were, erm...British). Lots of Jacobites were English, lots of Scots weren't Jacobites - Jacobitism was not, in essence, a nationalist movement.
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The highlight of a visit to Spoonley Wood Roman villa is its mosaic floor, protected (just!) by a rather derelict corrugated iron shed and a tarpaulin held down with rocks. Visitors have to uncover it themselves, not easy in a tiny space under a wobbly roof...but worth the effort
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Some exciting news - my book about the adventures I had while walking along the Antonine Wall has found a home with the wonderful
@TippermuirBooks
. No release date yet, but hopefully it will be adorning a few bookshelves in the not too distant future!
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When I walked along the Antonine Wall, the Roman frontier in Scotland, I loved looking out for tiny traces of it in unexpected places, like this little bit of its ditch sandwiched between two roads in Falkirk...
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Another one for
#Februinary
- surely one of the greatest Roman ruins in Britain is Burgh Castle, Norfolk. During the 3rd and 4th centuries, it was one of the Saxon shore forts built to protect the south east coast. A Norman castle was later built inside its enormous stone walls.
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Love these photos from the 1920s excavation of Mumrills Roman fort near Falkirk, which show eminent archaeologist Sir George Macdonald and the local labourers who did the digging. They also show the impressive remains of stone buildings. No signs of health and safety though...😬
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I'm excited to have been asked by
@contexttravel
to put together an illustrated online lecture about visiting Roman Britain. The only problem is...what do I include and what do I leave out?! So many wonderful sites to choose from...
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Some of the best sections of Roman painted plaster in Britain have been found in St Albans. Many had fallen face down onto the ground as the ancient buildings collapsed, but were lifted by applying a resin coating to the back. These examples are now in the Verulamium Museum
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Another photo of the mighty walls of the Roman fort of Anderida, now Pevensey Castle in Sussex, for
#Romansitesaturday
. The Roman wall is constructed of flint and mortar and faced with green sandstone and features distinctive horizontal bonding courses of terracotta tile.
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One for
#TombTuesday
: this stunning tombstone records the life of Longinus - born in what is now Bulgaria, he took part in the Roman invasion of Britain and died in Colchester in 55AD. The sculpture shows him riding over a defeated Briton. Now in the collection of
@ColMuseums
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This splendid clay pot is known as the 'Colchester Vase'. Billed as 'the most famous pot from Roman Britain' by
@ColMuseums
, it dates from 175-200AD and was discovered in a grave near the town's West Lodge in 1848.
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This carved stone featuring Roman soldiers was found on Croy Hill, the highest point on the Antonine Wall in Scotland. It probably once decorated a tomb, possibly the last resting place of the central figure, dedicated by his sons on either side. Now
@NtlMuseumsScot
#TombTuesday
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A nice touch by
@welovehistory
at the Roman fort of Rough Castle near Falkirk - bilingual signs in English and Latin! Helpful for any ancient Roman dogwalkers who might happen to visit I presume...
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Surely one of the greatest losses to British archaeology was the 1743 demolition of Arthur's O'on. Located just north of the
@AntonineWall
, this enigmatic domed stone structure was probably Roman - nothing to do with King Arthur, despite its name, but its purpose remains unclear.
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Surely one of the most impressive Roman military sites in Britain, this is the 3rdC Saxon Shore fort known as Burgh Castle. Situated in Norfolk, three of its huge masonry and brick outer walls survive. Probably know to the Romans as Gariannonum, it was in use for about a century.
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I've had a great day in Colchester today searching out the remains of ancient Camulodunum, once capital of Roman Britain and the first city on these islands. More details and photos to follow over the next few days...
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@VeneficusIpse
I see what you mean - but there is a difference between making educated conjectures based on the evidence (as a historian should) and just making something up for dramatic effect (as historical movies almost always do).
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Last week my search for the elusive site of the ancient battle of Mons Graupius led me to Bennachie in Aberdeenshire, where I ventured up to the amazing Pictish fort of Mither Tap. It was quite a climb and pretty windy up there, but well worth the effort!
#HillfortsWednesday
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Another gem from the Roman Britain gallery
@britishmuseum
- this bronze head of the emperor Hadrian was found in the River Thames in 1848. Once part of a monumental sculpture, it was possibly erected for his visit to Britannia in 122AD and may have stood in the forum of Londinium
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A fragment of a Roman mosaic from Aquae Sulius, the modern city of Bath. Rather appropriately for a place associated with sacred water and bathing, it features some fascinating sea beasts
#MosaicMonday
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Discovered in Faversham, Kent and now in the
@britishmuseum
, this first-century copper alloy Roman patera is decorated with a stunning head of Medusa surrounded by a wreath of leaves and birds.
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A couple of weeks ago I went in search of Spoonley Wood Roman villa in Gloucestershire. And it really was a search - hidden in the middle of a forest, this overgrown ruin is one of the most atmospheric Roman sites I have ever visited. More details to follow...
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Yesterday I made a brief but enjoyable visit to Corbridge so see the remains of Britain's most northern Roman town. Here you can still walk down streets among the ruins of houses and public buildings, past a monumental fountain and shops
#RomanSiteSaturday
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We all love to see animal footprints in ancient Roman tiles - the Verulamium Museum in St Albans has loads of them! Dogs, cats, sheep...one (on the right) also has an embedded pebble - did the tile maker chuck it at the dog to stop it walking over his tiles?!
@stalbansmuseums
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Excavations in St Albans in 1931-2 revealed the remains of a grand Roman town house. With 2 storeys, 30+ rooms and a colonnaded veranda, it was one of the biggest in the ancient town of Verulamium. As well as an impressive mosaic, finds included samian ware and other pottery.
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On my recent visit to Northumberland I stumbled across the heavenly Heavenfield. Site of a battle in 634, a cross was erected here with a recycled Roman altar as a base. Splinters from the cross were said to cause miracles. The ancient altar is now inside an 18th-century chapel
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Two rather poignant Roman tombstones for
#TombTuesday
. On the left, the tombstone of Vellibia Ertola, who 'lived most happily for four years and six days'. On the right, that of five-year-old Ahteha, daughter of Nobilis. Both are now in the museum at Corbridge Roman town.
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You're never far from Roman remains in the City of London, and reminders of the capital's ancient heritage pops up in the most unexpected of places. This section of a 2nd century red tessellated pavement can be found in the undercroft of the church of All Hallows by the Tower.
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Happy New Year to everyone - here is a picture of a lovely little sculpture of the Roman goddess Fortuna found at Castlecary Fort on the Antonine Wall to bring us good luck for 2023. Now on show
@hunterian
in Glasgow.
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This rare collection of Roman gold coins, known as aurei, was discovered by a metal detectorist in Didcot, Oxfordshire in 1995. It was probably buried sometime in the AD 160s, when the 126 coins were equivalent to 10.5 years of a soldier's salary
#FindsFriday
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I know a lot of us are feeling a bit stressed right now, but I also know what always cheers us up - lots of Roman tiles with animal footprints on them! These examples from
@NTChedworth
, Verulamium Museum, St Albans and Colchester Castle
@ColMuseums
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One of the most striking features of a visit to Bath's Roman Baths is this ancient drain. For almost 2000 years, it has allowed surplus water from the Sacred Spring at the heart of the bath complex to flow out towards the River Avon
#RomanSiteSaturday
@RomanBathsBath
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Over the years, hundreds of Roman pottery vessels have been dredged up by fishermen in the waters off Whitstable and Herne Bay. Locals used them to make Lent pudding, so the pots and the waters where they were found (probably the site of a shipwreck) were christened 'Pudding Pan'
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The kitchens and baths of Chedworth Roman villa were supplied with water by a spring which emerges from the hillside. This spring was once housed in a 'nymphaeum', a shrine to the water spirits. It still supplies water to the site today, and is now also home to rare newts!
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Here are some photos of the impressive collection of Roman mosaics which once decorated the Roman town of Verulamium and are now displayed in the Verulamium Museum, St Albans. The scallop shell mosaic is particularly beautiful, and dates from around 150AD.
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What an amazing image - it really brings Roman Britannia to life.
The Roman site of Richborough in Kent has been the subject of three excavations by our Archaeology Projects team ⛏️ ⛏️ ⛏️
All have contributed to new understandings of Richborough's Roman history.
Read our research 👉
#FestivalOfArchaeology
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Lots of fascinating remnants of Roman Canterbury (Durovernum Cantiacorum) to be found in the
@CRomanMuseum
, but one of my favourites was the huge iron pivot base from one of the city's wooden gates. Discovered in 1986, the gate controlled access to the main road from Dover.
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This fragment of a Roman inscription from the fort of Trimontium in southern Scotland references the 20th Legion. One of the four legions involved in the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43, they were later part of Agricola's force during the conquest of Scotland
#EpigraphyTuesday
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The Norman keep of Colchester Castle is built on a huge rubble and concrete base, which was originally the podium of the ancient Temple of the Deified Claudius. Reconstructed after the Boudican revolt of AD 60/61, the temple was the largest in Roman Britannia
#RomanSiteSaturday
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The incredible Roman amphitheatre at Silchester, Hampshire, was first built around 50-70AD. The stone walls that you can see there today were added in the 3rd century when the arena was refurbished - the earthen banks above it would have been lined with rows of wooden seating.
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Next to the police station in Colchester, these are the remains of a 4th-century Roman church (or possibly Mithraeum). If it is the former, it would be oldest Christian church in Britain. Excavations in the 70s and 80s revealed hundreds of graves surrounding it
#RomanSiteSaturday
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It was a bit of a soggy day yesterday, but I did manage to walk along what might be a bit of Roman road near Kirriemuir in Angus. Opinions vary as to its origins, but if it is Roman, it would be the most northerly stretch of Roman road anywhere in the world...
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Sadly I didn't spot any on my recent visit, but apparently the ruins of Chedworth Roman Villa are inhabited by Roman snails! Specimens of Helix Pomatia, a large, pale land snail, were brought there as a delicacy 1,800 years ago and still flourish in its shady, cool corners today.
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There are lots of things to love about 'The Eagle of the Ninth', Rosemary Sutcliffe's classic novel about Roman Britain, but I am particularly taken with the illustrations by C. Walter Hodges - simple but very evocative.
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This amazing Roman fresco was found in the ruins of a bathhouse on the south bank of the Thames near Borough Market in London. When the building was demolished the plaster fell face down and lay undisturbed under a medieval garden, only to be rediscovered in 1983
#FrescoFriday
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Last week I finally got to the Roman fort of Bremenium - it didn't disappoint! Located on Dere Street north of Hadrian's Wall, and occupied until the 270s, its stone gates and walls are amazingly well preserved. Its name means 'place of the roaring stream'.
#RomanFortThursday
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I visited loads of amazing Roman sites on my walk along the Antonine Wall in Scotland: forts, fortlets, bathhouses, even a supposed 'Roman' bridge
#RomanSiteSaturday
.
You can find out more in my new book 'Walking the Antonine Wall', available here:
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It seems like the wonderful
@nationaltrust
at getting a hard time again today from the usual crowd. So here are some photos of three of the Trust's Roman sites to remind us of the amazing places that they look after and the great work that they do.
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This charming sculpture of the Roman goddess Fortuna was discovered at Castlecary fort on the Antonine Wall in 1769 by workmen looking for stone to build a nearby canal. She carries her common attributes - a horn of plenty in one hand and a rudder resting on a wheel in the other.
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Chedworth Roman Villa, Gloucestershire is perhaps best known for its stunning mosaics. Its west range contained several grand rooms, including a fine triclinium (dining room) and a bath house, all furnished with beautiful tessellated floors
@NTChedworth
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Beautifully situated next to the River Evenlode, Oxfordshire, North Leigh Roman villa was one of the grandest in Roman Britain. It reached its peak in the early 4th century, when it featured four bath suites, 16 mosaic floors and 11 rooms with under-floor heating
#Februinary
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This is the rather terrifying Colchester Sphinx, a Roman sculpture discovered in Colchester in 1821. Dating from the first century, it probably formed part of an elaborate tomb. The sphinx here represents the triumph of death over life. Now at Colchester Castle Museum
@ColMuseums
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The remains of London's Roman Mithraeum are fascinating, but it is also worth visiting the
@MuseumofLondon
to see some of the artefacts found in or near it - including these marble sculptures of Serapis (with grain basket on his head) and Mithras himself killing the sacred bull.
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Amazing to think that these grassy earthworks once supported the huge Roman amphitheatre of Corinium (modern Cirencester). Built in the early 2nd century, it could hold up to 8000 spectators, around 80% of the town's inhabitants. (reconstruction image from
@CoriniumMuseum
)
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