The Puntland Vault 🗄
@PuntlandVault
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Taariikhda Puntland | Showcasing history relevant to Puntland state | 𐒁𐒚𐒒𐒂𐒐𐒖𐒒𐒆 𐒊𐒖𐒎𐒖𐒒 | ولاية بونت لاند
Garowe, Puntland
Joined December 2020
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1882
Warsangeli warrior
Notes by the photographer:
"Warsangelis take great care of their hair and are very proud of it. When they are on horseback they try to make head movements that make their long hair float like the mane of their mount"
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Cumar Samatar's 1925 murder of Captain Franco Carolei at Ceelbuur, depicted in an Italian illustration.
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1889
Ahmed Taajir (the merchant).
Ruler of Bosaso and the younger brother of Sultan Osman Mahamoud.
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The false myth of the "Habar Magaadle" existence in Futuh Al Habesha 🧵
The oldest uncovered version of the Futuh Habesha is dated from the year 1779 AD/1193 Hijri and can be found in the French archives
In this Ahmed Girri bin Hussein Al Somali is referred to as Yabarre Jidwaq
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Sultan Osman Mahmud II of Majeerteeniya and his young son.
📸 Aug. 9, 1911
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1692 Manuscript written by the Somali Sheikh, Muḥammad ibn Muʾmin ibn Ādam ibn ʿUthmān ibn Ali al-Laylkasī al-Shāfiʿī
The manuscript reads that it was “completed on Monday, 24th of Shaʻbān after Duhur (noon prayer), 1103 AH/May 12, 1692.”
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Sultan Mahamud Ali Shire of the Warsangeli Sultanate
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170
Majeerteen leaders, each carrying a ceremonial sword, drink tea together aboard a ship.
📸 Feb. 2, 1889
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180
Majeerteen and Hobyo Sultanate forts/castles 🧵
Bosaso/Bendar Qassim
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40
178
Deciphering the mysterious Sabaean inscriptions found across Puntland.
The inscriptions are presumed to have belonged to a Sabaean sailors and are dated to around 800 bce due to their mentioning of Sabaean Mukarrib (ruler) Yatha'amar
🧵
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145
{1977 Godey}
Rare interview with Colonel Abdullahi Ahmed Irro the commandant of the 60th division of the SNA
Colonel Irro was in charge of olanningband organising all the 6 brigades going to Gode,Nagele and Sidamo
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38
138
{Xaaji Ibrahim Uunlaaye}
The richest man in pre war Somalia
- Was a member of the Somali Parliament from 1960 to 1967
- Built Kismayo's main hospital
- Built Kismayo Airport
-Owner of the largest farm in Lower Jubba that exported across the world
-Built over 60 Masjids
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20
127
Sultan Mahamud Ali Shire on the front page of the History Today magazine's August 1960 edition
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{1915-1995}
Sheikh Nour -El-Din Ali Al Majeerteni
(Sheikh Nour -El-Din Al Salafi) 🧵
The man who reintroduced the Salafi Dawah to Somalia 100 years after Sheikh Haji Ali Majeerteen
The Shaykh graduated from Al Azhar University in the 1950s and returned to Somalia
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118
[3 January 1896]
The Majeerteen Sultans and Harar
Sultans Osman Mahmud and Sultan Yusuf Ali plan a Jihad to free Harar from Ras Makonnen, father of Haile Selassie, by rallying the Somali tribes of the Ogaden
In 1890, the Majeerteen sent 800 rifles for the defence of Harar
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116
Somali prime minister 1964-1967
Somalia's representative to the UN 1974-1979
Abdirizak Haji Hussein
Being interviewed about the 1977 Ogaden war
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Majeerteen and Warsangeli attack on the Barrentu-Oromo and a German expedition near Kau, between Malindi and Lamu[1887] 🧵
"Meanwhile, in the spring of 1887, the Somalis fell, mainly belonging to the Warsengeli and Midjarten a few months earlier in the murder of Dr. Karl Jühlke
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115
Majeerteen sailors and fishermen
📸 Feb. 16, 1920
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Prince Yasin Ali, son and heir of Sultan Ali Yusuf of Hobyo sits with his uncles whilst two servants stand behind them for their journey by steamer ship
📸 Jun. 14, 1920- Hobyo Sultanate
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119
Portrait of the founder of the Hobyo Sultanate.
Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadiid
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{March 1924}
Sultan Ali Yusuf Kenadiid in his home
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{December 1922}
A letter from Sultan Osman Mahmud to the ruler of Ras Al Khaimah
The letter addresses the murder of a Somali trader accidentally killed in the conflict with Um Al Quwain
Sultan Osman:
"Do you pay the man’s blood money, or do we kill a man from Ras Al Khaimah?"
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A brief history of Bosaso
Bosaso was first settled by the Kabtanleh tribe who were then joined by their cousins, the Dhishishe
In the 1820s, the Bah Gareen, envious of the increasing trade and prosperity of the coast, attacked the Dhishishe from the interior and defeated them
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94
Ugas Yasin Abdirahman
Ugas of Dishishe
(1915-2000)
Born in Bosaso in 1915. He began his Islamic education in Bosaso, where he became a Haafid. He then studied briefly in Xamar before coming back to Bosaso to be crowned Ugas. In 1947 he became the Secretary of the SYL in Bosaso
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87
Sheikh Omar Ahmed Gole Al Azhari was a graduate of Al Azhar University in the early 1910s.
The Sheikh was born in Dagahbur during the late 1880s and was a son of the famous Sheikh Ahmed Gole.
He would open many Islamic centres of learning across Somalia, Ethiopia and Djibouti.
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24
97
Omar Samatar on a horse in Somali Galbeed organising his troops with servants by his side[October 1935]
Omar was born in Geesaley in the 1880s and later became the Hobyo Sultanate Naib of Ceelbuur
After the Sultanate's collapse, Omar led the uprising that killed Captain Carolei
Cumar Samatar's 1925 murder of Captain Franco Carolei at Ceelbuur, depicted in an Italian illustration.
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229
2
21
96
{Abshir Dhoore riding his warhorse Tuke}
Abshir Dhoore, a revered Dervish commander
After the Sayid's death, he returned to Somalia, igniting a rebellion against Italian rule from the Ogaden
Despite capture and imprisonment in Eritrea, his spirit remained unbroken. He escaped..
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President Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke in Washington with President John F Kennedy
📸 Nov. 27, 1962
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Ahmed Tajir
Ruler of Bosaso and younger brother of Boqor Osman
{1889} Aged 26
{1905} Aged 42
{1926} Aged 63
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{Sultan Ali Yusuf Kenadiid}
The second Sultan of the Hobyo Sultanate which spanned all of Central Somalia
Credits:
@kauwherder
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The Somali flag was first hoisted on October 12, 1954 in Iskushuban
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{1878}
American Confederate Colonel Charles Graves' Visit to Majeerteeniya 🧵
"The Somali Mijjertains claim to descend from a certain Darot (or Tah-roud), a fierce and fanatical Arab, who was driven out of his own country during the reign of El Hajag Ibn Yussuf
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{1858, Murcanyo}
Nuur Cismaan (The Regant)
Nuur Cismaan, a legendary figure within Somali history, was responsible for:
*Expanding Majeerteen trade with Aden to account for 5% of the city's total imports, valued at 500,000 British Rupees per year/equivalent to £60 million today
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1st August 1999
Puntland darawiish leading the states first anniversary in Garowe.
#PuntlandTurns24
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1894
Dhulbahante Ararsame horsemen pictured by H.G.C Swayne
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11
77
Abdallah Muhsin Siwaakhroon
Abdallah's great grandfather was a Somali merchant of the Siwaqron Majeerteen tribe who immigrated from Ras Asayr to Oman
Abdallah led a faction of Socialist-Arab Nationalist rebel forces in the Dhofar rebellion against the Omani monarchy
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23
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Baargal fort door with beautiful carving decorations built in 1815
Most likely built for Boqor Maxamud Xawadane or his son Boqor Cisman
On the lower part of the door we read:
"La Ilaha illallaah Muhammad rassul Allah, Mashallah, on the date of Rabi ul Awal 1230 AH(1815 AD)"
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Letter from the Sayid Muhammad Abdallah Hassan to Sultan Osman bin Mahamud II of Majeerteeniya calling for Holy War[1918]
"Your honor, the Mujahid, Sultan Othman bin Mahmoud, Sultan of the Al Majeerteen, may Allah support him, grant him success, and grant him victory, Ameen.
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Bargaal fort door with beautiful carving decorations built in 1815.
On the lower part of the door we read:
"La Ilaha illallaah Muhammad rassul Allah, Mashallah, on the date of Rabi ul Awal 1230 AH(1815 AD)"
0
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200 year old Quran
This mushaf was hand written by Sheikh Mahamud Shekh Ahmed Ali Fiqi Ismail a 19th century Sheikh from the Leelkase tribe
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Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadiid and the Mei-Kong power struggle[1878].
Yusuf would resell the salvaged cargo of the Mei-Kong shipwreck back to the French for 300,000 Francs[$1.6 million today].
This would start a near 50 year conflict between the Majeerteen.
🔊The Shipwreck Archives
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An early description of 16th century Xafun
The port was famous for its exports of gold dust, myrrh, ivory, Abyssinian slaves & acacia gum. The writer notes that it had
"all the advantages of commerce over Aden" until Portuguese bombardment in 1517 brought traffic to Aden instead
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{1910}
Boqorka Majeerteeniya
Boqor Osman Boqor Mahamud II stands in Hafun holding his Royal sword
0
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Boqor Maxamud II (Xawadane) of the Majeerteen Sultanate was recorded formalising ties with Said Bin Sultan ruler of what is now Oman in the late 1700's
French explorer Guillain spoke with people who were present at the exchange of letters between the two Sultantes in his book
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1911
Hobyo Sultanate soldiers of Sultan Ali Yusuf
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15th November 1960
Rome
Prime minister Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke is hosted by Italian prime minister Fanfani and is given a taste of home in the form of camel milk
With him are Sheikh Ali Jimale the minister of health and Mohamed Adan Muro
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10
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1972
Bari,Somalia
Somali nomads tend to their livestock and draw water from a well
0
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King of Majeerteeniya
Boqor/Sultan Osman Mahamud II {1860-1931}
{1905} Aged 45
{1911} Aged 51
{1927} Aged 67
The 6'4 towering monarch ascended to the throne in 1878 at the age of 18, ushering in the most turbulent period within Somali history
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Hobyo Sultanate horse dance performances
📸 Hobyo Sultanate- Feb. 23, 1920
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{1914}
Warsangeli sailor Mohamed Musa fastens the sail
0
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Tooxin
Tooxin is an ancient port town on the African continent's rim, primarily inhabited by the Ismacil Saleebaan & Siwaqron
During the Majeerteen revolt, It was the site of many famous battles with the Italians
Leading to the death of Captain Alessandro Gatti in January 1926
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65
Captain Alessandro Gatti's body is transported to Mogadishu after being killed in a Majeerteen rebel ambush led by Hersi Boqor in Tohen.
In response to this humiliation, Italian governor of Somalia De Vecchi vows revenge at Gatti's funeral ceremony.
📸 Feb. 26, 1926- Mogadishu
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Swahili Freedman Shipwrecked near Ras El Kheyl Reports Sightings of English and Indian Slaves Among Somalis of the Nugaal[1866]
"The vessel was cast on shore at a place, just five days journey on foot, north of Ras el Khyle[Illig/Eyl area].
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Mohamed Awale Liban
(1919-2001)
A veteran politician and scholar, he is credited with having designed the flag of Somalia
He also served as the chief of cabinet of the Adan Osman presidency until 1964. During this period he fiercely advocated for the NFD regions independence
3
16
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{1902}
Sheekh Noor Mohamed Bin Ali
A prominent Somali trader from the Reer Saalax Warsangeli subclan
Sheekh Noor was amongst the richest Somali traders of his time and was based in Salalah, the capital of the Kingdom of Oman
0
16
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Sultan Yusuf Ali Kenadiid's attempts to capture Socotra and the Swahili coast [1879]
"Hobyo seems to have been chosen as the most suitable location after fruitless attempts on the Swahili coast, near Mombasa, and in Socotra. Kenadiid chose Hobyo on the advice of Cali Boos
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{Dr Hassan Ali Mirreh}
1932-2016
The first Somali to obtain a PHD from an Ivy league school
- B.A.: Lincoln University
- M.A. and Ph.D.: Princeton University, USA
- President of the University Institute of Mogadishu
- SSDF Secretary for International Relations
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1930
Sultan of the Harti Waamo
Sultan Ahmed Mohamed Shirwa Ismail
The Sultans ancestors left the Bari region as merchants and settled into Kismayo where Shirwa Ismail was later made Sultan.
0
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Cali Sharmaarke
° Father of president Abdirashid Ali
° Conqueror of Xarardheere
"Gobonimo inay hodan tahay, oo horay naloo siiyey
Hanti tiisa isagoon wadanoon, tolkii iga horaynin
Halac Dheere ninki sanado, hayn jiraan ahaye"
{1926} {1903}
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A 17-year-old Sultan Osman Mahamud gathers his most loyal warriors in preparation for a siege against his usurper cousin, Yusuf Ali "Kenadiid" (the future Sultan of Hobyo).
(17th of November 1878)
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7th October 1858
Shipwrecked crew members of the ship H.M.S Chesapeake meet with the Majeerteen elders of Bendar Murcanyo
0
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The royal seal of Sultan Osman Mahamud II
(1878-1927)
The seal is composed of a wreath surrounding the Boqors name "Osman Mahmud" in Arabic
Above the Sultan's name a lone white star surrounded by blue light
This would later be used as an inspiration for the Somali flag 🇸🇴
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Children playing on the roof of a Bosaso fort 1926
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61
Cabdi Caynab Xassan
A veteran statesmen from Qardho, pictured in 1968 running for local elections
AUN
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Sword of Majeerteen tribesman.
Early 20th century.
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{1925}
Majeerteen man
"The Majeerteen tend to be considered warriors by birth, but in reality, they are raiders, and since they are armed with rifles, they have often given a hard time to the Italian troops with whom they often engage in very tough battles with" -Ezio D'Errico
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Portrait of a Majeerteen Warrior elder armed with a waran (spear) and a gaashaan(shield)
[1891]
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Caluula
1889
Somali shipwrights constructing traditional Beden dhows
0
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Founder of the Somali Youth Club (later the Somali Youth League).
Yasin Xaji Cismaan Sharmarke
(1917-1947)
On May 15, 1943, Yasin, then aged 26, gathered with 12 other young Somali nationalists in a tiny Mogadishu office and declared the formation of the Somali Youth Club.
🧵
3
20
57
Las Qoray,Sanaag
The funeral of a young girl
The girl, bitten by a snake whilst drawing water from a well, died after 2 hours.
At dawn, the locals went to pay their respects to the victim. The body was then hoisted onto a stretcher & then carried by 6 men who took turns so..
🧵
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Descriptions of the Makhir Coast from the 19th Century 🧵
Laas Qoray
"It is the principal town of the Warsangli, and the chief residence of the Gerad. It is occupied by the Ogais Lebbay and Ayal Fateh sub-tribes, It consists of two villages, 600 yards apart, three large forts..
1
11
52
Xirsi Boqor Osman
Son of Boqor Osman and the grandfather of future Puntland president Cadde Muse Xirsi.
Xirsi led the last large Somali revolt against Italian rule from 1925-1927, frustrating Italian efforts and their colonial troops for 2 years.
1
13
56
Ruined towns in Nugal:a forgotten medieval
civilisation by
@SomaliaPdrc
Several ruined towns, three of them relatively large, were recently discovered in the Nugal Valley
The larger towns were located in the area where the first interior city in Somalia was reported in 1154
🧵
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Robed Hobyo Sultanate soldiers dressed for battle wearing bandoliers ammunition belts and carrying rifles stand atop the Hobyo fort.
📸 1911, Hobyo Sultanate
0
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{1977}
Jigjiga
G/Sare Jaamac Ciise "Green" talks to Western reporters after the liberation of Jigjiga, showing them the Guray mountain chain
0
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{February 1926}
Captain Alessandro Gatti's corpse is transported to Mogadishu after being murdered in a Majeerteen rebel ambush headed by Xirsi Boqor(left) in Tooxin
For this embarrassment Italian governor of Somalia Cesare De Vecchi vows revenge at Gatti's funeral ceremony
Tooxin
Tooxin is an ancient port town on the African continent's rim, primarily inhabited by the Ismacil Saleebaan & Siwaqron
During the Majeerteen revolt, It was the site of many famous battles with the Italians
Leading to the death of Captain Alessandro Gatti in January 1926
1
16
65
1
18
52
13 03 1979
Kacaan wanted signs/files for SSDF officials
Abdullahi Yusuf
Mahamud Dahir Sanweyne
Muuse Islaan Faarah
Osman Nur Qonof
0
10
56
Video of the Bargal fort door
Baargal fort door with beautiful carving decorations built in 1815
Most likely built for Boqor Maxamud Xawadane or his son Boqor Cisman
On the lower part of the door we read:
"La Ilaha illallaah Muhammad rassul Allah, Mashallah, on the date of Rabi ul Awal 1230 AH(1815 AD)"
0
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71
1
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#OnThisDayInHistory
May 1926
Xaaji Maxamed Ciise led his forces in the seizure of key Italian forts in Afgadud, Kallis, and Ceelmarood in Nugaal
Xaaji Maxamed was a general in the army of the Majeerteen Sultan during the last large Somali-Italian war of the mid to late 1920s
2
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{Zhongli}
A 13th century Chinese description of the Bari/Socotra coast
"In Zhongli, people go bare headed and barefoot, wrapping themselves in cotton cloth (maro). Shirts and turbans are reserved for ministers and the king's attendants, setting them apart from the common folk.
1
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February 14th, 1878
The governor of Xaafun and his sons
“I suddenly turn around at the sound of the gallop of five horsemen rushing towards me with their lances at rest
In a second, they are at my side, and one of them, presenting me with the head of his spear at chest height..
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