Indigenous Archival Photo Project
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ᓃᐱᓰᐦᑯᐹᐃᐧᔨᓂᐤ An online archive. More info here ᒪᓯᓈᐱᐢᑲᐦᐃᑫᐤ
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People of the Watershed (full color, illustrated) is now available for pre-order from your favorite bookseller. Releases May 24, 2024. Figure.1|McMichael
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Duke Kahanamoku, c. 1910: 0n surfing: “Hawaiian culture had been destroyed, and the people decimated by European diseases, between 1778 and 1893, the Hawaiian population shrank from an estimated 800,000 to 40,000...From this terrible history modern surfing is descended,…
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A League of Their Own: Girl's baseball team, photo taken near Teslin, Yukon 1941
Photo: George Johnston (Tlingit) / © George Johnston Museum
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In autumn, 1945, American photographer Gordon Parks flew up to Yellowknife on assignment with Standard Oil to do a photo feature but bad weather kept him from his intended destination. Instead he was invited to a nearby Dene community (likely Dettah) and there he saw the
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Theresie Iquugaqtuq with her snowperson. Naujaat, Nunavut, 1951
Photo: Richard Harrington | © Library and Archives Canada
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Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in Chief Isaac and Eliza (née Harper) Isaac in Dawson City ca. 1898. When the Klondike gold rush happened and thousands of gold seekers flooded into what became Dawson, he took the community to Moosehide village, a few miles upriver, knowing otherwise they’d be…
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Walking Buffalo (George McLean) age 92, near Morley, Alberta in 1962. “Did you know that trees talk? Well, they do. They talk to each other, and they'll talk to you if you only listen. . . I have learned a lot from trees.”
Photo: Rosemary Gilliat | © Library and Archives Canada
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Elder Wilfred Tootoosis at Buffalo Child stone (Mistasiniy), a 400-tonne glacial boulder and sacred site. Photographed in 1966. In December, 1966 it was dynamited by the Saskatchewan government prior to the damming of the South Saskatchewan River in 1967 and the formation of Lake
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Annie Mckay (Métis). The first Indigenous woman to graduate from the University of Saskatchewan with a degree, in 1915. Also queer. A volunteer nurse during the 1918 pandemic. A librarian she worked in Sask libraries for decades.
Source: University of Saskatchewan Archives
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After eviction from her apartment in Edmonton, Lillian Piche holds one of her children after setting up a teepee in Edmonton’s Sir Winston Churchill Square in 1969 to protest housing discrimination against Indigenous people in Edmonton.
Photo: Unknown | © Toronto Star Archives
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Woman carrying infant during The Longest Walk, 1978. (unnamed)
Photo: Richard Erdoes | © Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
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Father and child. Unnamed. City Art Studio, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan ca. 1925
Photo: P.A. Historical Society
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… thanks to the few Hawaiians, notably Duke Kahanamoku, who kept the ancient practice of he’e nalu alive. Kahanamoku won a gold medal at the 1912 Olympics, became an international celebrity, and started giving surfing exhibitions around the world.”…
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Jean Foster, first woman Chief in Manitoba, with her eagle at her home in Norway House, ca 1975. Norway House Cree Nation, Manitoba. ‘During the visit, Jean asked Mckenzie if he’d like to see her eagle. She guided him around to the backyard and started tapping on a wooden…
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Gathering at Buffalo Child stone (Mistasiniy), a 400-tonne glacial boulder and sacred site, in 1966. Elder Wilfred Tootoosis in background with headdress. In December, 1966 it was dynamited by the Saskatchewan government prior to the…
© Saskatchewan Archeological Society
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Kahentinetha Horn delivering a reminder of the Crown’s honour, or lack thereof, in fulfilling its promises to the 1794 Jay Treaty. Buckingham Palace. 1969.
[Personal Collection]
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Buffy Sainte-Marie in New York City in 1964. kinanâskomitin for a lifetime of performances. Eternal.
Photo: Phillip Harrington
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Looking out the window, overlooking 5th Avenue, New York in 1898. Photographer Gertrude Käsebier took a series of portraits of the Indigenous troupe of Bill Cody’s ‘Wild West Show,’ and while most were formal sittings, there is a naturalness to this image of two performers…
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Yellow Owl bringing the children home during a Montana storm. Photographed on the Blackfeet Reservation, Montana, in 1906.
Photo: Walter McClintock | © Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library
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Ooa (‘our great grandmother’), Inga Alainga and little Maleektoo. Photographed in Iqaluit in 1960. Named by Mary Symatita Alainga.
Photo: Rosemary Gilliat | © Library and Archives Canada
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Gus Palmer (left), side gunner, and Horace Poolaw, aerial photographer, by a B-17 Flying Fortress. MacDill Field, Tampa, Florida, 1944. Taken with a timer, a colorized version circulates, original is black and white.
Photo: Horace Poolaw (Kiowa) | © Estate of Horace Poolaw.
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Walking Buffalo (George McLean) age 92, near Morley, Alberta in 1962. “Did you know that trees talk? Well, they do. They talk to each other, and they'll talk to you if you only listen 1/2
#IndigenousHistoryMonth
📷 Rosemary Gilliat | Library and Archives Canada
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Roger Four Winds (Cree/Chippewa) in chaps. Taken near Rocky Boy Reservation, Montana. Ca. 1930
Photo: Unknown / © Montana Historical Society Archives
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Zitkala-Ša (1876-1928) as photographed by Gertrude Käsebier in her studio in New York City in 1898. Zitkala-Ša (Yankton Dakota) was at the time studying violin at The New England Conservatory of Music in Boston.
📷 Gertrude Käsebier | The Smithsonian Institution
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Mohawk model and activist Kahentinetha Horn speaking on the Canadian constitution and treaty rights in Ottawa in 1968.
Source: Library and Archives Canada. CBC TV archives.
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Portrait of Zitkála-Šá, age 22. From a photo session at Gertrude Käsebier’s studio in New York City, 1898.
Photo: Gertrude Käsebier / © National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
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Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in Chief Isaac and Eliza (nee Harper) Isaac in Dawson City around 1898. When the Klondike Gold Rush happened and thousands of gold seekers flooded into what became Dawson, he took the community to Moosehide Village, a few miles upriver, knowing people may be
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Artist Napachie Pootoogook (Inuk), 1938-2002, beading in her studio. Photographed in Kinngait (Cape Dorset) in 1960. ‘Pootoogook’s portfolio of over five thousand drawings has cemented her reputation in Inuit art.’ - Inuit Art Quarterly. Her large, artistic family has
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Rusty Cheezo and Kenneth Gilpin in a canoe. Photographed near the Cree community of Eastmain, Quebec in 1973.
Photo: © George Legrady
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Sacred Run - Waneek Horn-Miller: “In 1991, I joined a group of runners from all over the world . Native and non-native to spread the word of Indigenous resistance, organized by AIM founder Dennis Banks. My mom sent me on this run to keep me out of trouble (after Oka). We ran from
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Buffy Sainte-Marie roof top fencing in the East Village, NYC 1964.
Photo: Phillip A. Harrington | © Harrington Estate
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Cree man from Fort George with protest stickers on his snowmobile shield . Photograph taken in 1974 in eastern James Bay, during the fight against the Quebec government’s hydro electric project.
Photo: Bob Olsen | © Toronto Star Archives
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Walking Buffalo (George McLean) age 92, near Morley, Alberta in 1962. “Did you know that trees talk? Well, they do. They talk to each other, and they'll talk to you if you listen. . . I have learned a lot from trees.”
Photo: Rosemary Gilliat / © Library and Archives Canada
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Alexie Crapeau (Yellowknives Dene) with two eagles. Photographed in the NWT in 1956, the orphans were raised from eaglets.
📷 Henry Busse | NWT Archives
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Portrait of Arnayouk Alookee harvesting lichen for making dyes.
Photo: © Theresa Quaqjuaq (Inuk) | Spence Bay (Taloyoak) Photo Project, 1973
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… From William Finnegan’s excellent “Barbarian Days: A Surfing Life.”
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Jean Folster, first woman Chief in Manitoba, with her eagle at her home in Norway House, c1975. Norway House Cree Nation, Manitoba. ‘During the visit, Jean asked Mckenzie if he’d like to see her eagle. She guided him around to the backyard and started tapping on a wooden…
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Annie Ikkidluak with Iola. Photographed at Kimmirut (Nunavut) in 1964. ‘Annie followed in the footsteps of her grandmother Iggalak to become local midwife.’
📷 Freddie Knight | Hudson’s Bay Company Archives.
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Mohawks of the Kahnawá:ke lacrosse team. The team made three tours of England in 1867, 1876 and 1883, playing before Queen Victoria. The Sheffield Museum in England has two of the sticks, one inscribed with “P. Kanatho.”
📷 W. Notman | © The Trustees of the British Museum
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Waneek Horn-Miller: “In 1991, I joined a group of runners from all over the world . Native and non native to spread the word of Indigenous resistance, organized by AIM founder Dennis Banks. My mom sent me on this run to keep me out of trouble (after Oka). We ran from Vancouver…
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Alice Cardinal, age 23, from Saddle Lake Cree Nation in Alberta. A flight attendant with Pacific Western Airlines in 1970 and one of the first, if not the first, Indigenous flight attendants in Canada.
Photo: The Indian News | Library and Archives Canada Collection
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Birch bark biting artist Angelique Merasty (1924-1996), with her mother, artist Susan Ballantyne at Amisk Lake, Saskatchewan, around 1960. (Cree)
Photo: © Tom Dobson
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On
#OrangeShirtDay
paying respect to generations of my family and kin who went to St. Michael’s Residential School ~ 1931. Duck Lake, Sask ~ 1) Maggie Bird, 2) Mary Rose Naytowhow (My Kokum), 3) Ada Wolfe, 4) Philomene Peeteetuce, 5) Dorothy Eyahpaise, 6) Mary Anne Seesequasis,
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Jumps-From-Cloud-to-Cloud (Aa'aazhawaana kwadaashiik). Photographed around 1930 at Berens River, Manitoba, Treaty 5. Named by Pat Ningewance.
📷 Alfred Irving Hallowell | American Philosophical Society
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At The Native Canadian Centre in Toronto, sometime in the 1970s. Currently unnamed.
Photo: Unknown
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Lillian Piche holds one of her children after setting up a teepee in Edmonton’s Sir Winston Churchill Square in 1969 to protest housing discrimination against Indigenous people in the city of Edmonton, Alberta. Lillian Piche had been evicted from her apartment in Edmonton and set
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Woman and child. Photographed at Igluligaarjuk in 1948. (unnamed)
Photo: S.J. Bailey | © Library and Archives Canada
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Annie Onespot taking aim. Photographed on the Tsuut’ina Nation, south west of Calgary, around 1940.
Photo: Arnold Lupson | Glenbow Archives
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Family studio portrait, photographed by Byron Harmon, ca. 1906, likely taken during Banff Indian Days in Banff, Alberta. Possibly a Stoney Nakoda family, so far unnamed.
Photo: Byron Harmon | © Whyte Museum of the Canadian Rockies
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‘Sioux powwow.’ Fort Qu’Appelle, Saskatchewan. Photographed in 1957.
Photo: Everett Baker | © Saskatchewan History and Folklore Society
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Inside an iglu, Qaqanga Angutigirk tends to a qulliq, with Annie in her amauti. Photographed in Salluit in 1950. From ‘Inutuinnauvugut,’ edited by Putulik Ilisituk.
📷 Kees Verspeek | Avataq Cultural Institute
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Gathering at Buffalo Child Stone (Mistasiniy), a 400-tonne glacial boulder and sacred site, in 1966. Elder Wilfred Tootoosis in background with headdress. In December, 1966 it was dynamited by the Saskatchewan government prior to the damming of the South Saskatchewan River in
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Teenagers Violet and James Starlight. Photographed on the Tsuut’ina Nation, Alberta, around 1925.
Photo: Arnold Lupson | © Glenbow Archives
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Toronto Star caption: “Singer Johnny Cash takes on a new name Da Gyn Da Geah (He is Coming with the Song) from Chief Joseph Logan; of the Six Nations Confederacy; near Brantford. Mrs. Logan gave Mrs. Cash (June Carter) the name Ga Ge Che Weeh- (Carrying Flowers).” Photograph
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Jean Folster, first woman Chief in Manitoba, with her eagle at her home in Norway House, c1975. Norway House Cree Nation, Manitoba. ‘During the visit, Jean asked Mckenzie if he’d like to see her eagle. She guided him around to the backyard and started…
#IndigenousHistoryMonth
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Kanien'kehá:ka activist and model Kahentinetha Horn delivers a reminder of the Jay Treaty to Buckingham Palace, London in 1969.
The 1794 Jay Treaty provides that Indians may travel freely across the US-Canada international boundary.
#IndigenousHistoryMonth
Personal Collection
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…consumed in the gold rush fever. In addition, he sent the traditional songs and dances to their Han relations in Tanacross, Alaska for safe-keeping. With his foresight, over a century later, the Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in are alive and thriving and in Dawso. The gold rush is a memory….
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Chief Crowfoot (Isapo-Muxika) in a studio portrait taken in Quebec City in 1886. That year, Crowfoot led a Blackfoot diplomatic delegation to Ottawa and Quebec. The meetings with the Macdonald government on the urgent need to address Treaty and the eradication of the buffalo…
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Sisters Priscilla and Tina Sangris (Yellowknives Dene). Photographed in Dettah, NWT in 1975.
Photo: Rene Fumoleau | © NWT Archives
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Young woman from the Kootenay Plains, Alberta. Photographed in 1917. (unnamed)
Photo: Arnold Lupson | © Glenbow Archives
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Lillian Piche holds one of her children after setting up a teepee in Edmonton’s Sir Winston Churchill Square in 1969 to protest housing discrimination against Indigenous people in Edmonton. She was evicted from her apartment in Edmonton.
Photo: Unknown | © Toronto Star Archives
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Rebecca Maliiki seal hunting near Foxe Basin, (Nunavut) in 1976.
📷 Robert Semeniuk | Library and Archives Canada Collection
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Gussie Abraham with child. Photographed on the Kootenay Plains in Alberta in 1907.
Photo: Elliot Barnes | © Whyte Museum of the Canadian Rockies
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Unidentified Dene man from the Gordon Parks Yellowknife photos.
Photos: © Gordon Parks Foundation
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Roger Four Winds (Cree/Chippewa) in chaps. Rocky Boy Reservation, Montana. Ca. 1930
Photo: Unkown / © Montana Historical Society
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Group photo from the Gordon Parks Yellowknife photos.
Photos: © Gordon Parks Foundation
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Charlotte Edith Anderson Monture. 1890-1996 (Kanien’kehá:ka): Denied nurse training in Canada because she was Indigenous, Monture went to the United States and trained in Philadelphia and also served eighteen months in France in the US Army Nurse Corps during WWI. She was also…
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Two girls harvesting fireweed. Photographed at Fort Providence, NWT in 1967. (Unnamed)
📷 Emile Gautreau | NWT Archives
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Toronto Star caption: Singer Johnny Cash takes on a new name Da Gyn Da Geah (He is Coming with the Song) from Chief Joseph Logan; of the Six Nations Confederacy; near Brantford. Mrs. Logan gave Mrs. Cash (June Carter)…
Photo: Boris Spremo | © Toronto Star Archives
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Frederick Onondeyoh Loft (Mohawk), of Six Nations, was a WWI veteran, and on seeing the mistreatment of Native vets on his return, was a founder of the League of Indians. Duncan Campbell Scott, Indian Affairs Superintendent, instructed the department…1/2
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(Left to right): Eva (Alaku) Quananack, Annie Qupirqualuk, Laly (Saviadjuk) Kumakuluk and Siasie (Qalingo) Mangiuk. Photograph taken in Salluit around 1960.
Photo: Rosemary Gilliat | © Library and Archives Canada
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Man and woman on horseback. Photographed around 1910, possibly on Kootenay Plains, Alberta. (unnamed). Hand-coloured lantern slide.
Photo: Mary Schaffer | © Whyte Museum of the Canadian Rockies
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Young Cree girl on the Sundance grounds in the Battlefords region, Saskatchewan, early 1980s. (Has been named by the person in the photo)
Photo: Unknown | Library and Archives Canada
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Mussel picking under the ice at low tide. Photographed in Salluit, Nunavik, in 1950.
Photo: Kees Verspeek | © Avataq Cultural Institute
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A young man at Cumberland House, Saskatchewan, around 1960: Métis photographer James Brady’s snapshots are more than a passive record of community but rather a political record of ‘being’ in the face of government erasure and settler theft. In many of the photos Brady’s own…
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Cree man setting up the tipi as children watch. Photographed in southern Saskatchewan in the early 1930s.
Photo: Paul Coze | © Provincial Archives of Alberta
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In 1973, American photojournalist Pamela Harris travelled to Taloyoak in northern Nunavut in what was originally intended as a short visit. However, after meeting with the Inuit women’s craft circle there, she wanted to do something more. Harris returned south, and managed to
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Woman on Alcatraz Island. Photographed during the occupation of Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay in 1969.(unnamed)
Photo: © Stephen Shames | Polaris Collection
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Herbalist Jemima Gibson of Six Nations with a medicinal plant. Photographed in 1939.
Photo: William Fenton | © American Philosophical Society
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Self-portrait by Inuuk photographers Peter and Aggeok Pitseolak. Kinngait, (Nunavut) ca. 1950
Canadian Museum of History Archives
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This photo behind me is of my grandmother, Mary Peter, 1960. Taken by Rosemary Gilliat. Thank you Cora Kavyaktok DeVos for cleaning up the photo and of course Paul Seesequasis for connecting families with photos of
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Two Indigenous women pose outside a house, probably on the Red Pheasant Reserve in Saskatchewan. Part of a series of snapshots, some related to a Sun Dance that was held around the Battlefords in 1948. (unnamed)
Photo: Anonymous Family Collection
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Long distance runner Lewis Bennett aka ‘Deerfoot’, a Seneca from the Cattaraugus Reservation in New York State. He stood 6 feet and was a world record holder. He posed for this studio portrait in the 1850s.
© The Trustees of the British Museum
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… ‘The Isaac family patriarch and matriarch consists of Chief Isaac and Eliza Harper (daughter of Chief Gäh St’ät). Chief Isaac is from the Wolf Clan and Eliza Harper is from the Crow Clan.’ - Chief Isaac’s People of the River.’
Photo: University of Alaska Fairbanks
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Emma Alfred (Kwanlin Dün) holding a beaver purse made by her mother at Pelly River, Yukon, around 1966. Image from “Blanket Toss Under Midnight Sun (Knopf 2019).
📷 Catharine McClellan | Canadian Museum of History Archives
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Chief Dan George, Johnny Yesno and Bucky Petawabano in a still from 1975’s ‘Cold Journey,’ maybe the first film dealing with the legacy of residential schools, and with an Indigenous cast. Shot in The Pas, Manitoba and Saskatchewan…
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Midwife and translator Sarah Simon (1901-2001). Photographed at Fort McPherson, NWT around 1940. Simon passed on November 2, 2001, at the age of 100.
'Sarah Simon's work as a Gwich’in midwife was remarkable. It is believed she helped deliver 86 or more babies, often under
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Audla Kootoo and Qaummataq Davidee. Photographed in Iqaluit in 1960.
Photo: Rosemary Gilliat | © Library and Archives Canada
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Studio portrait of a young Indigenous man in a floral beaded and fringed jacket. Photographed in Saskatchewan before 1905. From the Adrian Paton Photo Collection of the Saskatchewan History and Folklore Society.
© Saskatchewan History and Folklore Society
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Father and son inside the HBC store in Norway House, Manitoba. Note the work on the jackets. Photographed in 1943. (unnamed)
Hudson’s Bay Company Archives. Archives of Manitoba
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Alex Ross portable studio photo: This one identified as Fred Long Claws Jr. (Dakota Ojibway) from Waywayseecappo First Nation, Manitoba. Date ca. 1905. According to one community member, Fred stood over 7 feet tall.
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Osage dancer Maria Tallchief photographed by Milton H. Greene in New York in 1952. ““Dance is a universal language that transcends cultural boundaries. I’ve never been afraid to take risks and challenge the norms in ballet.”
📷 Milton H. Greene | © Milton H. Greene Estate
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Learning Mohawk in ‘Little Caughnawaga’ in Brooklyn, New York in 1939. Little Cuyler Presbyterian Church, 360 Pacific St., Brooklyn. The Language Teacher is Louise Diabo.
Photo: © Irving Kaufman / Brooklyn Daily Eagle
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Iyarhe Nakoda (Stoney Nakoda) horse races near The Rockies, Alberta. From a glass plate negative, photographed in 1910.
Photo: Elliot Barnes | © Whyte Museum of the Canadian Rockies
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1951: Honoré Jaxon, Louis Riel’s secretary during the 1885 resistance, at age 90 outside his New York apartment after his eviction. His books, magazines, notes and personal correspondence with Riel were lost to history.
Photo: © New York Post Archives
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Poundmaker (Pitikwahanapiwiyin) meets with French journalists at Stony Mountain Penitentiary in 1886, just prior to his release. In 1885, Poundmaker’s band had not joined Riel’s resistance, in fact Metis emissaries from Riel were rebuked. But after fighting broke out at Duck
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Joe Seesequasis, age 90: “Its been 100 years, there's nothing to show for the treaties.” Beardy’s & Okemasis’, Saskatchewan, 1976
kātāayuk 76
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Mohawk iron worker Joe Jacobs raising steel in downtown Manhattan. Photographed around 1960.
© Smithsonian Collections
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Studio portrait of Roger Four Winds (Cree) in chaps. Rocky Boy Reservation, Montana. ca 1920
Photo: Unknown | © Montana Historical Society Archives
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John Ollie (Inuk) with beaded snow goggles and a stone-carved pipe. Photographed near Arviat (Nunavut) in 1949.
Photo: Richard Harrington | © Stephen Bulger Gallery
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Another group photo from the Gordon Parks Yellowknife photos.
Photos: © Gordon Parks Foundation
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