PharmaConnect
@Pharma_Connect
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The largest network in the Saudi Pharmaceutical industry. أكبر شبكة تواصل للصيادلة بالمملكة العربية السعودية
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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- 25th of September -
🔹[World Pharmacist Day]🔹
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Long-term use of metformin causes a deficiency in which vitamin?
398
293
3K
Teratogenic Drugs
mnemonic: TERATOWA
T -Thalidomide
E -Epileptic medications (Valproic acid, Phenytoin)
R -Retinoid (Vitamin A)
A -ACE inhibitors, ARBS
T -Third element (Lithium)
O -Oral contraceptives, Hormones
W -Warfarin
A -Alcohol
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💊 Vitamin B deficiencies 💊
B1: Beriberi
B2: Glossitis
B3: Pellagra
B5: Burning foot syndrome
B6: Peripheral neuropathy
B7: Hair loss & Brittle nails
B9: Neural tube defect
B12: Megaloblastic anemia
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HYPERTENSION MEDS:
🔹ACE INHIBITORS:
Adverse Effects
"aPRIL"
A: Angioedema
P: Potassium Elevated
R: Recurrent Cough
I: Itchy Skin
L: Low BP
🔹ARBs:
"SARTAN"
Adverse Effects
"FAIL"
F: Fetal Injury
A: Angioedema
I: Imbalance of Electrolytes
L: Low BP
🔹BETA BLOCKERS:
"LOL"
Adverse
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🔹Drugs to treat TB
“RIPE”
R: rifampin
I: isoniazid
P: pyrazinamide
E: ethambutol
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Common Drug Contraindications
🔺Asthma:
Beta-Blockers > Bronchospasm
🔺Hypertension:
NSAIDS > Increased blood pressure due to sodium retention
🔺Parkinson's Disease:
COX-2 Inhibitors > Worsening of Parkinson's symptoms
🔺Respiratory Failure:
Neuroleptics > Respiratory
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🔴 Don't give Omeprazole with Clopidogrel
🔸 Clopidogrel is a prodrug that requires activation by CYP2C19 and omeprazole is a CYP2C19 inhibitor so, omeprazole will decrease the effect of clopidogrel.
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2K
Long-term use of Aspirin causes a deficiency in which vitamin?
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PREGNANCY SAFE ANTIBIOTICS✅🤰🏻
"CAMP"
Cephalosporins
Amoxicillin
Macrolides
Penicillins
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How to Memorize Insulins
🔹FAST-ACTING
No "LAG" period
Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine
🔹LONG-ACTING
L-L-L
Levemir (Detemir)
Lantus (Glargine)
🔹INTERMEDIATE
"I" for Inter / Isophane
- Isophane
🔹ULTRA-LONG ACTING
"U" for Ultra / deglUdec
- Degludec
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why doxycycline should not be used during pregnancy🤰⁉️
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Drugs that cause SLE
“SHIP”
S: Sulfonamides
H: Hydralzaine
I: Isoniazide
P: Procainamide
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Ototoxic drug - 👂🏼 CALM EAR 👂🏼
C - Cisplatin and Carboplatin
A - Aminoglycoside (gentamycin & tobramycin)
L - loop Diuretics
M-malaria drug-Quinine
E - Erythromycin
A - Aspirin
R - Redman Syndrome (vancomycin)
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◾️Metronidazole - Agent of choice for PATAG (Pseudomembranous colitis, Anaerobes, Trichomoniasis, Amebiasis, Giardiasis)
◽️Erythromycin - Agent of choice for DPL (Diptheria, Pertussis, Legionnaires)
◾️Tetracycline - Agent of choice for CRiM (Chlamydia, Rickketsia, and
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🤔❔What is the use of caffeine citrate for infants? 👶🏻
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1K
Aspirin adverse effects:
- A = Asthma
- S = Salicylate intolerance
- P = Peptic ulcer
- I = Intestinal/Gastro bleeding
- R = Reye’s syndrome (in kids)
- I = Impair renal function
- N = Noise/tinnitus
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Why cannot beta blockers be administered with Non-dihydropyridine medications (Diltazem, Verapamil)?
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In managing DM type 2 :
-Metformin is no longer the first line❌
🔹ASCVD patients or who are at risk: either SGLT2i or GLP1 analogues
🔹HF patient: SGLT2i
🔹CKD patient: preferably SGLT2i
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The drug (metoclopramide) is the only antiemetic medication used for renal colic resulting from kidney stones that works in two ways:
🟢It treats the nausea and vomiting resulting from renal colic caused by kidney stones.
🟢It relieves the pain resulting from renal colic and is
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🔷Manegment of Elephantiasis:
▫️Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Hetrazan:
2mg/kg three times daily for 2-3 weeks.
▫️Ivermectin: 0.2 mg/kg once.
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ASTHMA
MNEMONIC FOR TREATMENT
A - Adrenergie agonists
S -Steroids
T -Theophylline
H -Hydration
M -Masked Oxygen
A -Anticholinergies
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🔷Drugs used to treat peripheral neuropathy:
▫️Gabapentin
▫️Pregabalin
▫️amitriptyline
▫️Nortriptyline
▫️Doxepin
▫️Duloxetine
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🔻 Valproic acid and carbapenem have a drug interaction that lowers valproate levels in the blood, increasing the risk of uncontrolled seizures.
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Some drugs and their common side effects:
💊Chloramphenicol- Grey baby syndrome
💊Captopril- Dry cough
💊morphine- Pin point pupil
💊Asprin- Reyes Syndrome
💊Erythromyicin- Cholestatic Juandice
💊 Chloroquine – Phototoxicity
List in the comment more drugs you know👇🏻
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Ibuprofen is one of the most famous anti-inflammatory medications 🎖
🔷️Used for management of inflammatory diseases and rheumatoid disorders, mild to moderate pain, fever, dysmenorrhea, and osteoarthritis.
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Levodopa SE:
“LEVODOPA”
L: lethargy
E: Euphoria , Excessive day time sleepiness
V: Vomiting
O: Orthostatic hypotension
D: Delusion , Delirium
O: On off phenomena
P: Psychosis
A: Athetosis
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▫️Medications to Avoid During Pregnancy 🤰:
•Chloramphenicol.
•Cipro and levofloxacin.
•Primaquine.
•Sulfonamides.
•Trimethoprim (Primsol)
•Codeine.
•Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
•Warfarin (Coumadin
🔴 What other medications do you know to avoid during pregnancy?
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💊Azithromycin
◾️Azithromycin is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It is a macrolide-type antibiotic. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This medication will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu).
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Drugs that Cause Gum Enlargement:
1-calcium channel blockers :
Nifedipine, Nitrendipine, Felodipine, Amlodipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem
2-immunosuppressants :
Cyclosporine (Incidence - 53%),
Sirolimus, Tacrolimus
3-anticonvulsants :
Phenytoin (Most common),
Sodium valproate,
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Drugs that cause hyperglycemia⬆️:
-Corticosteroid
-Beta blocker
-thiazide
-Niacin
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🔷Side Effects of colchicine:
▫️Black, tarry stools.
▫️blood in the urine or stools.
▫️burning, "crawling", or tingling feeling in the skin.
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STEROIDS
Mnemonic for side effects
8S's
S -Sugar: Hyperglycemia
S -Soft Bones: Causes osteoporosis
S -Sick: Decreased immunity
S -Sad: Depression
S -Salt: Water & salt retention (hypertension)
S -Sex: Decreased libido
S -Swollen: weight gain
S -Sight: Risk for cataracts
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Valproate Side Effects:
(VALPROATE) 💡
V- Vomiting
A- Alopecia
L- Liver toxicity
P- Pancreatitis/pantcytopenia
R- Retention of fat (weight gain)
O- edema (edema)
A -Appetite increase
T- Tremor/thrombocytopenia
E- Enzyme inducer (liver)
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TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS
R- I- P - E - S
R- rifampicin
I- isoniazid
P- pyrazinamide
E- ethambutol
S- streptomycin
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🔴 المضادات الحيوية التي يجب على المرأة الحامل تجنبها
antibiotics that contraindicated in pregnancy:
تُختصر في جملة “SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care" 🤰🏻
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ATROPINE
🔹Indications:
Sinus bradycardia
3rd degree heart block
Pupil dilatation
Opium poisoning
🔻Contraindications :
Narrow angle glaucoma
Ulcerative colitis
Toxic megacolon
Tachyarrythmias
Thyrotoxicosis
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Antibiotics that does NOT need renal adjustment
"NOT CLeARD" Mnemonic
N: Nafcillin
O: Oxacillin
T: Tigecycline
C: Clindamycin
L: Linezolid
A: Azithromycin
R: Rocephin
D: Doxycycline
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What is Furosemide (Lasix) medication? 💊
❔ How does it work?
🤔 Why is it named Lasix?
🔵 What are its main uses?
🟡 What are its side effects?
🔻 What are its drug interactions?
⛹🏻♂️🚫 Why is it banned in sports?
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What are the medications that cause gingival hyperplasia?🤔
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🔹Disease & causative agent
Diptheria — Corynebacterium diptheriae
Cholera — Vibrio cholerae
Leprosy — Mycobacterium leprae
Pertussis — Bordetella pertussis
Tetanus — Clostridium tetani
Plague — Yersinia pestis
Gonorrhoea — Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Syphilis — Treponema pallidum
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🔹Levodopa side-effects🔹
"LEVODOPA"
L- Lethargy
E- Euphoria, Excessive day time sleepiness
V- Vomit
O- Orthostatic hypotension
D- Delusion, Delirium, Dryness, Dyskinesia
O- On off phenomena
P- Priapism, Psychosis
A- Athetosis
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Antibiotics Unsafe During Pregnancy🚫🤰🏻
"CATS"
Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Sulfonamides
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💊Antibiotics more likely to reduce oral contraceptive effectiveness:
▫️ Azithromycin
▫️ Erythromycin,
▫️ Ketoconazole
▫️ Penicillin
▫️ Rifampin
▫️ Rifabutin
▫️ Tetracycline
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🔹Drugs that may decrease WBC counts:
1. antibiotics
2. anti-convulsants
3. anti-histamine
4. anti-thyroid drugs
5. barbiturates
6. chemotherapeutic agents
7. diuretics
8. sulfonamides
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🔷Drugs that can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome include:
▫️Allopurinol
▫️Barbiturates
▫️Cephalosporins
▫️Hydantoins
▫️NSAID
▫️Penicillins
▫️Sulfonamides
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Drugs that Prolong QT Interval:
-Macrolides (Erythromycin)
-Fluoroquinolones (Moxifloxicin)
-Antidepressants (SSRIs, Citalopram)
-Antipsychotics (Haloperidol)
-Antiemetics (Ondansetron)
-Antiarrhythmics (Amiodarone)
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Drugs contraindicated in pregnancy ❌
- Thalidomide
- Methotrexate
- Cyclophosphamide
- Warfarin
- Isotretinoin
- Nicotine
- Alcohol
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💡 medication causes Peripheral Neuropathy:
💊Metronidazole
💊Hydralazine
💊Amiodarone
💊Nitrofurantoin
💊Triptans
💊Phenytoin
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Bisoprolol is one of the most successful anti hypertensive drugs with minimal side effects at doses ≤20 mg 💊🫀
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Hypertension Treatment
"ABCD"
A: ACE inhibitors
B: Beta-blockers
C: Calcium channel blockers
D: Diuretics
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Lamotrigine:
Uses:
- to treat epilepsy
- for maintenance treatment of Bipolar Disorder
⬛️ Black Box warning: serious skin reaction (SJS - TEN)
⚠️ FDA Warning: Aseptic meningitis
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🟣 Drugs that can cause Hyperkalemia
▫️NSAIDs
▪️ACE inhibitors
▫️trimethoprim
▪️aldosterone antagonists (eg. spironolactone)
▫️potassium supplements, oral or IV
▪️angiotensin-receptor blockers
▫️calcineurin inhibitors (eg. tacrolimus, cyclosporine)
▪️potassium-sparing
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Uses of valporic acid:
▫️bipolar disorder
▫️ epilepsy
▫️prophylaxis of migraine
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🔻Antibiotics are safe during pregnancy🤰
- Penicillin
- Ampicillin
- Clindamycin
- Erythromycin
- Amoxicillin
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🔹Drugs that decrease the effectiveness of warfarin (PC BRAS)
P: Phenytoin
C: Carbamazepine
B: Barbiturates
R: Rifampicin
A: Alcohol (chronic use)
S: Sulphonylureas
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يعطى المضاد الحيوي Vancomycin بالوريد إلا في حالة وجود عدوى بكتيريا (clostridium difficile ) في القولون فيتم إعطائه عن طريق الفم
🔻عند إعطاء Vancomycin كحقن بالوريد تجنب إعطائه سريعا لكي لا يحدث ما يعرف بمتلازمة الرجل الأحمر (Red ManSyndrome)، بسبب إفراز كميات كبيرة من الهستامين
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🔷Drugs cause lymphadenopathy:
▫️phenytoin
▫️hydralazine,
▫️allopurinol
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⚠️ ACE Inhibitors & Angioedema
▪️ACE inhibitors are the leading cause of drug-induced angioedema.
▫️Patients most commonly present with swelling of the lips, tongue, or face, although another presentation is episodic abdominal pain due to intestinal angioedema.
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"The Little Blue Pill That Changed Lives: The Surprising Journey of Viagra" 🔵
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◻️Drugs Causing Urine Discoloration
🔴🟠Red/Orange : Phenazopyridine - Rifampin
🔴🟤Red/Brown : Phenothiazine - Phenytoin
🟤Brown : Nitrofurantoin
Pink: Phenytoin
🔵Blue : Amitrptyline
🟢Green : Amitrptyline
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Signs & Symptoms of Hyperkalemia:
🔹MURDER🔹
M> Muscle weakness
U> Urine, oliguria or anuria
R> Respiratory distress
D> Decreased cardiac contractility
E> EKG changes (peaked T waves)
R> Reflexes, hyper or hypo
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What Medications Are Associated with Tardive Dyskinesia?
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🔷Narrow therapeutic index drugs:
💊Aminoglycosides
💊Ciclosporin
💊Carbamazepine
💊Digoxin
💊Digitoxin
💊Flecainide
💊Lithium
💊Phenytoin
💊Phenobarbital
💊Rifampicin
💊Theophylline
💊Warfarin
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🔷Levothyroxine is used to treat hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone). This medicine is given when thyroid gland does not produce enough of this hormone on its own.
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⚪️medications cause metallic taste ⚪️
▪️Metronidazole
▪️Clarithromycin
▪️Zopiclone
▪️Metformin
▪️Captopril
▪️Methimazole
▪️Lithium
▪️Clindamycin
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Nitroglycerin is contraindicated with PDE-5 inhibitors 🛑
So, if patient on it and develops angina..
If pt takes: take nitroglycerin:
💊avanafil - after 12 hours
💊slidenafil/Vardenafil - after 24 hours
💊tadalafil - after 48 hours
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🔶mifepristone is a cortisol receptor blocker indicated to control hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in adult patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome who have type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance and have failed surgery or are not candidates for surgery.
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Classes of Antibiotics💊💊
💊Carbapenems
ends in -"penems"
Ex. limipenem
💊Cephalosporin
start with-"cef or ceph"
Ex. Cephalexin
💊Fluroquinolones
ends in -"floxacine"
Ex. Ciprofloxacin
💊Penicillines
ends in -"cillin"
Ex. Amoxicillin
💊Macrolides
ends in -"romycin"
Ex.
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◻️Sacubitril/valsartan is the first agent to be approved in a new class of drugs called angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI). The medication is FDA-approved to treat patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with NYHA class II, III, or
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دواء كابيسيتابين (Capecitabine):
🔹يستخدم لعلاج سرطان الثدي
🔻اعراض جانبية: فقدان بصمة اليد
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🔹Metformin side effects
- Feeling sick (nausea)
- Being sick (vomiting)
- Diarrhoea
- Stomach ache
- Loss of appetite
- A metallic taste in the mouth
- Vitamin B12 deficiency (prolonged term)
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🔴 First-generation antipsychotics (typical antipsychotics):
1. Chlorpromazine
2. Haloperidol
3. Fluphenazine
4. Perphenazine)
5. Thioridazine
6. Trifluoperazine
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Loratadine is one of the most common and successful antihistamine 2nd generation medications🎖
🔷️ Used to relieve nasal and non-nasal symptoms of rhinitis and seasonal allergies
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🔷Narrow therapeutic index drugs:
▫️Digoxin
▫️Warfarin
▫️Heparin
▫️levothyroxine
▫️Lithium
▫️Methotrexate
▫️Clozapine
▫️Vancomycin
▫️Theophylline
▫️Phenytoin
▫️Valproate
▫️Aminoglycoside
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🔹Amphotericin B Side Effects🔹
AMPHO TEN
A>Anemia
M>Muscle spasm
P>Phlebitis
H>Headache, hypotension
O>Ototoxicity
T>Thrombocytopenia
E>Emesis
N>Neurotoxicity
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TRAUMA MEDS
🔺Lidocaine🔺
Use: local anesthetic, ventricular arrhythmia
Action: relieves/numbs pain, suppresses ventricular cells and de diastolic depolarization
🔺Epinephrine🔺
Use: anaphylaxis, bronchoconstriction, acute asthma attack
Action: stimulates alpha and beta
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Statin Side Effects:
🔹HMGCoA🔹
H: Hepatoxicity/headache
M: Myalgia/myopathy
G: GI effects (diarrhea, flatulence)
C: CPK increase
A: Avoid in pregnancy
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🔹Medications that lower seizure threshold:
1. TCAs
2. Antipsychotic
3. Cyclosporine
4. Carbamazepine
5. Diphenhydramine
6. Methotrexate
7. Tacrolimus
8. Opioids
9. Theophylline
10. Bupropion
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قد يواجه البعض صعوبة في نطق الأدوية، مما يؤدي إلى صعوبة تذكرها ..
حان الوقت لتعلم الطريقة الأسهل لنطق الأدوية بالشكل الصحيح ..
كونو بالقرب⏳..
#PharmaConnect_Pronunciation
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Rosuvastatin is one of the latest anti hypercholesterolemia drugs from the statin family.
🔷️ Indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet in adults with hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipidemia, mixed dyslipidemia, or primary dysbetalipoproteinemia.
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◻️Drugs that most commonly cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis are:
▫️Anticonvulsants:
💊lamotrigine
💊carbamazepine
💊phenytoin
💊phenobarbitone
▫️Allopurinol, especially in doses of more than 100 mg per day
▫️Sulfonamides:
💊cotrimoxazole
💊sulfasalazine
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🔷Treatment of Trichomoniasis:
◽️Metronidazole: Drug of choice.
2 g orally Single-dose. As effective as
prolonged therapy with 500 mg twice a day for 7 days.
▶️or vaginal pessaries, 500 mg vaginal insert / day for 10 days for married females)
◽️Tinidazole: 2 g Single-dose
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Caffeine Citrate:
- treat short-term apnea of prematurity when premature babies (infants between 28 and 32 weeks gestational age) stop breathing🧑🏻🍼🫁
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Drugs That Decrease Milk Supply:
-Androgens
-Bromocriptine
-Ergot alkaloids
-Estrogen
-Levodopa
-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
-Nicotine
-Pyridoxine
-Sympathomimetics
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Antibiotics that does NOT need renal adjustment:
💊Nafcillin
💊Oxacillin
💊Tigecycline
💊Clindamycin
💊Linezolid
💊Azithromycin
💊Doxycycline
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