WalidoNeuroPedia
@NeuroWalid
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Empowering Neuro Education: Tips, research updates & book recommendations for Neuro residents, students & specialists. Unlocking brain mysteries! 🧠🔔 #Neurotip
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Decerbate vs Decorticate posturing with associated lesions.
#neurotip
#neurotrauma
#neuroanatomy
#neurotwitter
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Differential diagnosis of lumbar radiculopathy (sciatica) by NEJM:
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In myasthenia gravis (MG), key antibodies are:
1- Anti-AChR: Found in 80-85% of cases.
2- Anti-MuSK: Present in 5-8%.
3- Anti-LRP4: Detected in 1-3%.
4- Seronegative MG: Accounts for 6-12%.
#MyastheniaGravis
#Neurology
#AutoimmuneDisorders
Find summary of MG made by
@rav7ks
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#neurotip
: GBS associated with Campylobacter jejune is more severe than BGS caused by other triggers as it tends to have more motor involvement.
#neuromuscular
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The artery of Adamkiewicz (arteria radicularis magna) is vital for spinal cord perfusion. After aortic manipulation, its injury can lead to anterior spinal artery syndrome, causing paraplegia & loss of pain/temp sensation while proprioception remains intact.
#NeuroTip
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Lesions near the jugular foramen can compress CN XI-XII, leading to syndromic effects. Vernet syndrome arises from intracranial lesions compressing CN IX, X, and XI at the jugular foramen.
#NeuroTip
#NeuroEducation
#Neurology
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As shown below, Evan's index is used to support the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus.
NPH triad: cognitive decline, gait abnormality, and urinary incontinence.
#neurotip
#dementia
#neuroradiology
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Bulbocavernous reflex: a spinal reflex carried out by the S2-S4 spinal level.
Afferent: Sensory nerves of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
Efferent: Motor nerves of pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
Interpretation:
- Conus medullaris syndrome/Normal: +ve
- Cauda equina syndrome: -ve
- Spinal
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Duret hemorrhage: A small linear hemorrhage in the brainstem, typically resulting from cerebral herniation. It occurs due to the shearing of blood vessels supplying the brainstem, especially the pons. Duret hemorrhage is associated with a poor prognosis.
#neurotip
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#NeuroTip
: S1 radiculopathy often presents with low back pain radiating down the back of the leg into the foot, weakness in ankle plantar flexion, and reduced sensation along the leg’s posterior side and the foot's lateral edge. The Achilles reflex is typically diminished or
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Menimonic to remember Facial nerve branches:
Great Nerve Cut Produce Major Palsy:
Greater petrosal nerve
Nerve to stapedius
Chorda tympani
Posterior auricular nerve
Muscular branches to digastric & stylohyoid
Peripheral branches
#neurotip
#neuroanatomy
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Erb's (Duchenne Erb) palsy results from neuronal damage to the upper C5 & C6 nerves.
Klumpke’s (Dejerine-Klumpke) palsy causes paralysis of the forearm & hand muscles as a result of mechanical damage to the lower C8 & T1 nerves.
#Neurotip
: most cases of neonatal Erb's palsy
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Consequence of rapid changes in plasma sodium concentration.
#neurotip
Found by
@yasmeenx_MD
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The swallowtail sign is the normal appearance of the substantia nigra in the midbrain. Absence of the swallowtail sign might indicate Parkinson's disease.
#neurotip
#neuroradiology
#dementia
#neuromovement
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: Broca's area is typically located in the pars opercularis (1) and pars triangularis (2), both of which are parts of the inferior frontal gyrus. It's crucial for speech production and language processing.
#neuroanatomy
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Great description of the clinical presentation of cervical and thoracic syringomyelia.
#Neurotip
#Neuroanatomy
Resource:
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Molar teeth sign: indicate the presence of prominent superior cerebellar peduncles. This MRI finding is pathognomic for Joubert syndrome which is an Autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia resulting in ataxia, polydactyly, hypotonia,
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One-and-a-half syndrome is characterized by ipsilateral horizontal gaze palsy and an ipsilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia.
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Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is one of the autoimmune encephalitides. It can be preceded by ovarian teratoma in females or Herpes Virus encephalitis. It presents with subacute anxiety, psychosis, and seizures in young patients.EEG shows extreme delta brush: continuous, synchronous,
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Cranial nerve dysfunction in the jugular foramen affects CN IX, X, and XI, causing symptoms like dysphagia, hoarseness, and shoulder weakness. The attached image shows different types of dysfunction
#neurotip
#neuromuscular
Thanks
@Vishalgargpgi
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an autoimmune demyelinating CNS disorder with encephalopathy, focal neurologic deficits, seizures, & other symptoms. Often follows viral illness/vaccination. MRI shows asymmetric patchy T2 FLAIR hyperintensities in white/grey matter
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Cruciate paralysis (AKA hemiplegia cruciata) presents as brachial diplegia and is caused by a lesion at the corticomedullary junction. The corticospinal fibers of the arms cross here (above the lower limb fibers). Motor lower limbs function and general sensation are usually
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Remember that sensory action potentials are intact in patients with radiculopathy due to a lesion proximal to the root ganglion with a distal cell body and axon.
#neurotip
#neurotwitter
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Gaint Panda sign is an MRI findings thst can be seen in patient with Wilsons disease.
- high signal intensity of the tegmentum
- normal hypointense red nuclei forming the eyes,
- preserved signal intensity of the substantia nigra pars reticulata forming the ears
- hypointensity
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Exner's area, in the middle frontal gyrus, plays a key role in language interpretation and motor output for writing. Damage here can cause agraphia.
#neurotip
#neuroanatomy
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Nicely explained!
The cremasteric reflex is triggered by stimulating the anterior thigh, leading to the ipsilateral elevation of the scrotum via the cremaster muscle. The involved nerves and spinal cord level are detailed below.
#neurotip
#neuromuscular
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#NeuroTip
: The Froment sign is a clinical test for ulnar nerve dysfunction. When a patient attempts to pinch a piece of paper between their thumb and index finger, flexion of the thumb at the IP joint indicates weakness of the adductor pollicis, suggesting ulnar nerve compromise.
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Appearance of Transverse Myelitis in different MRI sequences:
#neurotip
#neuroradiology
Made from:
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Hockey 🏒 stick sign:
It refers to the hyperintense signal involving the pulvinar and dorsomedial thalamic nuclei bilaterally on FLAIR, in cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which has the shape of a hockey stick.
#neurotip
#neuroradiology
#neurocognitive
@NeuroWalid
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Hot Cross Bun and Putaminal Rim Sign both seen in patients with Multiple system atrophy.
#neuromovement
#neurotip
#neuroradiology
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Disease modifying therapies in MS, their routes of administration, and mechanism of action.
#neurotip
#multiplesclerosis
#Neuropharmacology
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Myasthenia Gravis: pathogenesus and clinical findings.
#neurotip
#neuropathology
#neuromuscular
#NeuroTwitter
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