Daily Dose of Medicine
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CPR in Action | A 3D look inside the body
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@supportbrain1
While the bifid zygomaticus major muscle is a key anatomical feature in natural dimple formation, the buccinator muscle is often targeted in surgical procedures to create dimples.
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@modernHealthMe
Hutchinson's triad is a clinical manifestation of late congenital syphilis, characterized by three specific findings: interstitial keratitis, eighth nerve deafness, and Hutchinson's teeth.
1. Interstitial keratitis: This refers to inflammation of the cornea, which can lead to
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@OGdukeneurosurg
A seat belt mark on the chest, also known as the "seat belt mark" (SBM) sign, is a skin bruise that corresponds to the site of the seat belt during a motor vehicle collision. This mark is indicative of the force exerted by the seat belt on the body during the crash. The presence
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@Doctors__squad
For adults, the American Heart Association (AHA) recommends a C:V ratio of 30:2 for both single-rescuer and two-rescuer CPR. For children, the guidelines are slightly different. The AHA recommends a C:V ratio of 30:2 for single-rescuer however, for two-rescuer CPR, the
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@modernHealthMe
In infants, the typical response is dorsiflexion of the great toe, often accompanied by fanning of the other toes. This response is considered normal in infants up to approximately 1 year of age due to the immaturity of the corticospinal tract. The presence of the Babinski sign
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@supportbrain1
Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain, affecting approximately 10% of people at some point in their lives. It is characterized by stabbing, nonradiating pain in the proximal medioplantar surface of the foot, particularly noticeable with the first steps in the morning
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@DrMedica_13
Sucking blisters, also known as friction blisters or suck callouses, are benign lesions that typically appear on the lips of newborns. These blisters are caused by the repetitive friction and suction forces exerted during breastfeeding or bottle-feeding. The pathophysiology
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@IhabFathiSulima
The "rugger jersey" spine pattern on X-ray is most commonly associated with hyperparathyroidism, particularly secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease. This radiographic finding is characterized by alternating bands of sclerosis and lucency at the vertebral
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@modernHealthMe
Panic attack leading to hyperventilation resulting in respiratory alkalosis. Alkalosis leads to binding of Ca to Albumin resulting in signs of Tetany
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@IhabFathiSulima
Acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN), also known as folliculitis keloidalis nuchae (FKN), is a chronic, scarring folliculitis predominantly affecting men of African descent. It typically presents as keloid-like papules, pustules, and plaques on the occipital scalp and posterior neck. The
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@Doctors__squad
Dog-mediated rabies
Rabies is a vaccine-preventable, zoonotic, viral disease affecting the central nervous system. In up to 99% of the human rabies cases, dogs are responsible for virus transmission. Children between the age of 5 and 14 years are frequent victims.
Rabies infects
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@modernHealthMe
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multisystem autosomal dominant genetic diseasethat causes non-cancerous tumours to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, liver, eyes, lungs and skin. A combination of symptoms may include seizures,
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@drkeithsiau
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a bacterial infection of ascitic fluid that occurs in patients with cirrhosis and ascites, without any evident intra-abdominal surgically treatable source of infection. The condition is primarily caused by the translocation of enteric
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@Gazelle6849
Paronychia with abscess, an inflammation and infection of the nail folds, can be classified as either acute or chronic, and the treatment approach varies accordingly. Warm soaks with or without Burow solution or 1% acetic acid are recommended as first-line treatment. If warm
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@OGdukeneurosurg
Mumps is an acute viral illness caused by the mumps virus, characterized by several key symptoms. The most classic presentation is parotitis, which is the acute onset of unilateral or bilateral tender swelling of the parotid or other salivary glands, typically lasting about 5
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@OGdukeneurosurg
Cutis Verticis Gyrata (CVG) is a rare dermatological condition characterized by the formation of convoluted folds and deep furrows on the scalp, resembling the gyri of the brain cortex. CVG can be classified into primary and secondary forms.
Primary CVG is further divided into:
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@supportbrain1
Gradenigo syndrome is a rare but serious complication of otitis media characterized by a classic clinical triad: ipsilateral abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) palsy, retro-orbital pain (trigeminal ganglionitis), and chronic otorrhea (otitis media). The underlying etiology is
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@DrMedica_13
Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug known to cause pigmentation changes in the skin. This pigmentation typically presents as a slate-gray or blue-gray discoloration, particularly in areas exposed to light. The pigmentation is due to the accumulation of amiodarone and its
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@DrMedica_13
A vestigial tail in humans is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a protruding structure from the lumbosacrococcygeal region. This structure is a remnant of the embryonic tail that typically regresses during fetal development. Vestigial tails can be classified into two
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@supportbrain1
The butterfly rash, also known as a malar rash, is a characteristic cutaneous manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This rash typically presents as an erythematous, flat or raised rash that spans the bridge of the nose and extends symmetrically over the cheeks,
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@Doctors__squad
The simple interrupted suture is a versatile technique used for wound closure in a wide range of clinical scenarios. It involves placing individual stitches at regular intervals along the length of the wound. Each suture consists of a knot at the skin’s surface.
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@md1talk
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a medical treatment most commonly used in patients with severe major depression or bipolar disorder that has not responded to other treatments. ECT involves a brief electrical stimulation of the brain while the patient is under anesthesia
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A 5 year old child with fever and sore throat for the last couple of days and a generalised red sandpaper-like rash that erupted in the last few hours, starting on chest and spreading to limbs.
A) Rubella
B) Measles
C) Fifth disease
D) Scarlet fever
E) Roseola infantum
#MRCEM
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@OGdukeneurosurg
The presence of metallic compounds in hair products, including hairsprays, can lead to significant artifacts during MRI scans. These artifacts are primarily due to the magnetic susceptibility differences between the metallic compounds and the surrounding tissues, which can
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@IhabFathiSulima
Difficulty Level 10/10. Greater Auricular Nerve. It is a large sensory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck, traversing upward and parallel to the external jugular vein. It is the commonest pure sensory cutaneous nerve affected in leprosy. Commonest differential diagnoses
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@Doctors__squad
Vitamin B12 absorption is a complex process that involves the release of the vitamin from food proteins in the stomach, binding to intrinsic factor (IF) produced by gastric parietal cells, and subsequent absorption in the terminal ileum.
Gastrectomy, particularly total or distal
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@Gazelle6849
Gas gangrene, or clostridial myonecrosis, involves the muscle tissue directly and is marked by the production of gas within the tissues due to the metabolic activity of Clostridium species. This condition is associated with severe muscle necrosis and the release of potent
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@neuralconsult
Kartagener's syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic ciliary disorder comprising the triad of situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. The basic problem lies in the defective movement of cilia, leading to recurrent chest infections, ear/nose/throat symptoms,
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A 32 year old man presents to the Emergency Department following a low speed rear end collision in a car park. He was mobile at the scene but is complaining of neck pain. He has no past medical history. He has walked into the Emergency Department unaided. You are asked to assess
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@Neuromed_
Temporoparietal region right-sided epidural hematoma (EDH) with midline shift, biconvex, lenticular-shaped hyperdense collectionthat does not cross suture lines, Middle meningeal arterial bleed.
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@MoarSahitoPTI
Sitagliptin is an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It functions by enhancing the body's incretin system, which increases insulin release and decreases glucagon levels in a glucose-dependent manner, thereby improving
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@OGdukeneurosurg
Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a vasospastic disorder characterized by episodic, reversible vasospasm of the small arteries, primarily affecting the digits. This condition is triggered by cold exposure or emotional stress, leading to a characteristic triphasic color change in the
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@OGdukeneurosurg
Lhermitte's sign is a clinical phenomenon characterized by a transient, electric shock-like sensation that radiates down the spine and into the limbs upon flexion of the neck. This sign is indicative of myelopathy, typically resulting from damage to the dorsal columns of the
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@ManualOMedicine
The most effective diuretic for reducing increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is mannitol. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that works by increasing the osmolarity of the blood, thereby drawing water out of the brain tissue and reducing ICP
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@Neuromed_
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, often following an infection such as pharyngitis. The primary treatment for ADEM involves high-dose corticosteroids. Intravenous methylprednisolone is typically
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@Gazelle6849
Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is an inflammatory condition of the colon primarily caused by toxins produced by Clostridium difficile (C. difficile). It is most commonly associated with prior antibiotic use, which disrupts the normal gut flora, allowing C. difficile to
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@supportbrain1
Raccoon eyes, also known as periorbital ecchymosis, represent a clinical sign characterized by bilateral bruising around the eyes. This sign is most commonly associated with trauma & basal skull fractures, particularly those involving the anterior cranial fossa. The mechanism
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@SeeFisch
Excellent ✅ but remember according to the American Diabetes Association, glucagon is effective only if sufficient hepatic glycogen is present. Therefore, in patients with conditions such as starvation, adrenal insufficiency, or chronic hypoglycemia, glucagon may be ineffective,
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@Doctors__squad
Lloyd Davis position. This position is used to assess the pelvis for gyanecological, urological and colorectal procedures.
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B
NICE Guidelines for spinal injury state that for suspected cervical spine injury Assess the person with suspected cervical spine injury using the Canadian C-spine rule
Carry out or maintain full in-line spinal immobilisation and request imaging if a high-risk factor for
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@neuralconsult
Gingival infiltration by leukemic cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly the monocytic subtype (M4/M5), is a significant clinical finding.This manifestation is often associated with a high white blood cell (WBC) count, such as 200,000 per cubic millimeter, which
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@Gazelle6849
TXA's mechanism of action involves inhibiting fibrinolysis by blocking plasminogen activation, and its life-saving indications include trauma, postpartum hemorrhage, and various surgical procedures where significant bleeding is anticipated.
Remember : TXA significantly reduces
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@DrMedica_13
The presentation of unilateral facial weakness with an inability to close the eye or raise the eyebrow is most consistent with Bell's palsy.
Remember Bell's palsy is diagnosed by exclusion, and a systematic evaluation is essential to rule out other potential causes of facial
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@DrMedica_13
Above-knee deep vein thrombosis (DVT), also known as proximal DVT, refers to the formation of a blood clot in the deep veins located above the knee, specifically in the popliteal vein, femoral vein, deep femoral vein, common femoral vein, or iliac veins.This condition is
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@Doctors__squad
As patient is already ventilated and advanced airway is placed ( probably), there is no ratio for Compression to Ventilation. Chest compression will continue at 100-120 per minutes, will continue to receive 1 breath every 6 seconds
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A 56 year old man presents to the Emergency Department after being struck in the right eye by a stone whilst riding his motorcycle. He describes wearing an open face helmet and whilst riding behind a car he believes a small stone was kicked up and hit him. Which of the following
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@neuralconsult
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems, including the skin and heart. The connection between an SLE rash, heart issues, and a systolic murmur can be understood through the disease's systemic nature and its
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@DrMedica_13
Pemberton's sign is a clinical test used to evaluate venous obstruction, particularly in patients with goiters. The sign is considered positive when bilateral arm elevation leads to facial plethora, which is characterized by redness and swelling of the face. This phenomenon
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@md1talk
Radiographic imaging can detect iron tablets in cases of suspected iron toxicity, but additional clinical and laboratory assessments are necessary to evaluate the severity and guide appropriate management. During Systemic Toxicity Phase 12-48 hours post-ingestion metabolic
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@DrMedica_13
Giant congenital melanocytic nevus is a skin condition characterized by an abnormally dark, noncancerous skin patch (nevus) that is composed of pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. It is present from birth (congenital) or is noticeable soon after birth. Excessive hair
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@IhabFathiSulima
The most common tumor associated with HIV/AIDS is Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). This malignancy is particularly prevalent in individuals with advanced HIV infection and is caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8).
Kaposi's sarcoma was one of the first malignancies identified in association
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@Doctors__squad
The antidote for digoxin toxicity is digoxin-specific antibody fragments (Fab). This treatment is highly effective and is recommended for patients presenting with life-threatening symptoms such as sustained ventricular arrhythmias, advanced atrioventricular (AV) block, or
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@Gazelle6849
B : Osteosarcomas typically show aggressive features, including cortical destruction, irregular reactive bone formation, and a "sunburst" periosteal reaction. They may also present with a Codman triangle, which is a periosteal reaction seen at the edge of the tumor (can be seen
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@IhabFathiSulima
Little's area, also known as Kiesselbach's plexus, is a highly vascularized region located on the anterior part of the nasal septum. It is clinically significant because it is the most common site for anterior epistaxis (nosebleeds). The area contains a rich network of blood
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A 42 year old woman is admitted to the ED with a two day history of fever, malaise, and confusion. She has no past medical history, is allergic to penicillin, and works as a teacher. On examination her temperature is 39.5°C, pulse 122 beats per minute, blood pressure 75/30 mmHg,
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@DrMedica_13
Atropine is used for hemodynamically unstable bradycardia, including sinus bradycardia and certain types of atrioventricular (AV) block. It is more effective for blocks occurring at the AV nodal level rather than those at the His-Purkinje system. It is particularly useful in
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@supportbrain1
The calcaneum, also known as the calcaneus, is the largest tarsal bone in the human foot. It serves as a primary weight-bearing structure and plays a crucial role in locomotion by acting as a lever arm for the plantarflexors of the foot. The calcaneus is anatomically significant
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@DrMedica_13
A colonoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that allows for direct visualization of the entire colon and rectum using a flexible, lighted tube called a colonoscope. This procedure is considered the gold standard for detecting and removing premalignant lesions in the
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@Gazelle6849
Clubbing, also known as digital clubbing, is a clinical sign characterized by the bulbous enlargement of the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes. This condition is often associated with a variety of systemic diseases, including pulmonary, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and
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@modernHealthMe
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are both catecholamines used as vasopressors in critical care settings, but they have distinct pharmacological profiles and clinical applications.
Epinephrine acts on both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased heart rate
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@tweet_arvi
@supportbrain1
First-line treatments include stretching exercises for the plantar fascia, ice massage, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). While many standard treatments like night splints and orthoses have not shown significant benefit over placebo, they are still commonly used.
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@MoarSahitoPTI
Alteplase is a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) used primarily for its thrombolytic properties. It is indicated for the treatment of several acute thromboembolic conditions as Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS), Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and Acute Massive Pulmonary
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@supportbrain1
Nasolabial folds sparing. The differential diagnosis between the malar rash of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea can be challenging due to overlapping clinical features.SLE malar rash has Photosensitivity, sparing of the nasolabial folds, and
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@IhabFathiSulima
Gingival hyperplasia or gingival overgrowth is a common occurrence that may be promoted by physiologic and systemic conditions and drugs such as pregnancy, hormonal imbalances, and leukaemia, patients taking phenytoin, cyclosporine or calcium channel blockers. Based on clue
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@md1talk
Furosemide and spironolactone are both diuretics but have different mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Furosemide is a loop diuretic, while spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic
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Parkinsonism is an umbrella term for the clinical syndrome involving bradykinesia plus at least one of tremor, rigidity, and/or postural instability.
Parkinson's disease is the most common form of parkinsonism.
Other causes of parkinsonism include drug-induced parkinsonism,
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@IhabFathiSulima
Ghrelin is the only known orexigenic (hunger-stimulating) hormone. It is produced in the stomach and signals the brain to initiate food intake. Ghrelin levels rise before meals and fall after eating
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@DrAkhilRaghavan
Beau's lines are deep grooved lines that run from side to side on the fingernail or the toenail. They may look like indentations or ridges in the nail plate.
They are a common adverse effect of chemotherapeutic agents. Beau’s lines in theory result from a temporary arrest of cell
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@hemo_shk
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease, predominantly affecting elderly individuals. It is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against hemidesmosomal proteins, specifically BP180 (collagen XVII) and BP230 (dystonin-e),
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@IhabFathiSulima
Senile purpura, also known as actinic purpura or Bateman's purpura, is a common dermatological condition characterized by the appearance of ecchymotic lesions, primarily on the extensor surfaces of the forearms and hands in elderly individuals. This condition arises due to the
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@modernHealthMe
Acute Pulmonary Oedema. Acute LVF/SCAPE. Probably NIV with furosemide and Nitrates
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@IhabFathiSulima
Dysdiadochokinesia is a neurological condition characterized by the inability to perform rapid, alternating movements, such as pronation and supination of the forearm. This impairment is often assessed during a neurological examination and can be indicative of cerebellar
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@supportbrain1
Any traumatic blow to the pterion presumably causes rupture of the anterior divisions of the middle meningeal vessels causing an epidural haematoma
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@Gazelle6849
For the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other atypical pneumonias, the recommended antibiotics are macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones.
Macrolides such as azithromycin is often the first-line treatment due to their efficacy and safety profile
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@modernHealthMe
Ehlers–Danlos syndromes are a group of 13 genetic connective-tissue disorders. Symptoms often include loose joints, joint pain, stretchy velvety skin, and abnormal scar formation
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@DrMedica_13
The mammary glands are the modified sweat or sudoriferous glands. The function of the modified sweat glands is to produce and secrete milk. The milk is produced in milk-secreting glands called alveoli. Each breast has openings called lactiferous ducts in the nipple through which
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@IhabFathiSulima
Right sided large middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct resulting in significant brain swelling, leading to mass effect. This can be visualised on CT as compression of the lateral ventricles and a midline shift.
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@md1talk
Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, it can increase creatinine levels. This is primarily due to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is a severe complication of P. falciparum malaria
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@IhabFathiSulima
Freshly expressed breast milk can be stored at room temperature (10–29°C, 50–85°F) for varying durations depending on the ambient temperature and cleanliness of the milk expression technique. According to the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (ABM), at room temperatures ranging
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@supportbrain1
The serratus anterior is a muscle of chest wall. It forms the medial border of the axilla region. The muscle consists of several strips, which originate from the lateral aspects of ribs 1-8. They attach to the costal (rib facing) surface of the medial border of the scapula.
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@IhabFathiSulima
Melorheostosis, also known as Leri disease, is an uncommon mesenchymal dysplasia manifesting as regions of sclerosing bone with a characteristic dripping wax appearance (a.k.a. flowing candle wax appearance). The "dripping candle wax sign" is a radiographic feature characteristic
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A 54 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department after becoming lost on a mountain.
He spent 7 days without shelter prior to being rescued. On examination he has fourth-degree frostbite to both hands. Which of the following best describes fourth-degree frostbite?
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A 79 year old man, taking aspirin for vascular disease, is brought to the Emergency Department with decreased consciousness after falling at home. He opens his eyes when you ask, localises to pain and is using inappropriate words. His daughter accompanies him and tells you that
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@DrMedica_13
Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve Block, Intercostobrachial Nerve Block and Axillary Brachial Plexus Block all three nerve blocks can be performed here using ultrasound guidance to improve accuracy and efficacy
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@IhabFathiSulima
Frey's syndrome, also known as auriculotemporal syndrome or gustatory sweating, is a condition characterized by sweating, flushing, and erythema in the facial region, particularly the temporal and preauricular areas, in response to salivary stimuli such as eating. This phenomenon
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A 54 year old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. She is currently undergoing treatment for breast cancer with bone metastases. You suspect hypercalcaemia. Which of the following is a clinical feature of hypercalcaemia?
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@IhabFathiSulima
Osteocytes are the most abundant and longest-living cells in the adult skeleton, comprising 90-95% of all bone cells. These cells are terminally differentiated osteoblasts that become embedded within the bone matrix, residing in spaces called lacunae and extending dendritic
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@modernHealthMe
Aspirin use in children can lead to several significant complications. One of the most serious is Reye's syndrome, a rare but potentially fatal condition that affects the brain and liver, particularly when aspirin is used during viral illnesses such as influenza or varicella
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@IhabFathiSulima
Bat wing opacities is a radiologic sign referring to bilateral perihilar lung shadowing due to accumulation of oedema fluid in the lungs.
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@IhabFathiSulima
The hyoid bone is a unique, U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck, just above the thyroid cartilage. It is the only bone in the human body that does not articulate directly with any other bone, being anchored by muscles and ligaments instead. The hyoid bone consists of a
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Answer : D Scarlet Fever by GAS. Strawberry tongue and sand paper like rash
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Answer D
The clinical picture is most likely to be due to sepsis. 'Sepsis Six' bundle within the first hour following recognition of sepsis.
Administer oxygen
Take blood cultures
Give IV antibiotics
Give IV fluids
Check serial lactates
Measure urine output
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@Gazelle6849
Excellently summarised ✅. But remember for practice both are life threatening conditions and early recognition and clinical assessment are crucial, and radiographic evaluation should not delay the establishment of an artificial airway if needed for Epiglottitis and adrenaline
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