History of the Indian Subcontinent
@HISubcontinent
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As told by Confucius, ‘Study the past if you would define the future.’ This page is to improve understanding among different communities.
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Below is a handle of Tipu Sultan's sabre, in the shape of Lion head on one side and Elephant head on the other side; engraved: A crescent and a star.
Bismillah Hir-Rahman ar Raheem. (In the name of God most gracious most merciful).
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Badshahi Mosque - Lahore commissioned by Aurangzeb in 1671, completed in 1673.
Below are two comparative images of the mosque before 1939 and after the completion of recent restoration in 1960 at a total cost of 4.8 million Rupees.
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Osman Ali Khan - Asaf Jah VII was the ruler of the princely state of Hyderabad and Berar. At the age of 50 his net wealth was 210.8 billion dollar. In 1937 he was on the cover of Time magazine labelled as the richest man in the world.
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Aurangzeb's Quran from Tipu Sultan's Collection is in the British Library:
Aurangzeb had an excellent skill of Calligraphy. He used to copy Quran, sell it and earn money.
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The photograph was taken by Felice Beato, an English photographer in 1858. The Rumi Darwaza also known as Turkish Gate is in Lucknow (India). It is an imposing gateway which was built under the patronage of Nawab Asaf-Ud-daula in 1784, an example of Awadhi architecture.
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“As Ghalib recorded in a series of sad letters to his correspondents across Hindustan: ‘There are between Raj Ghat [on the city’s eastern edge, facing on to the Yamuna] and the Jama Masjid is without exaggeration a great mound of bricks.’
The Last Mughal-William Dalrymple, p 457
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Minarets of Taj Mahal: The 'Taj Mahal' represents the finest and most sophisticated example of Mughal architecture. Its origins lie in the moving circumstances of its commission and the culture and history of an Islamic Mughal empire's rule of large parts of India.
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Tipu Sultan’s pair of shoes acquired by 2nd Lord Clive after the demise of Tipu Sultan. The pair of shoes are located in The Clive Museum, Powis Castle-Wales (UK).
#tipusultan
#tipoosaheb
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One of the earliest photographs of Taj Mahal. Felice Beato - 1858.
Felice Beato (1832–1909), was a British photographer. He was one of the first people to take photographs in East Asia and documented aftermath of 1857 Indian rebellion. He was one of the first war photographers.
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Portrait of legendary Indian warrior Haider Ali, father of Tipu Sultan.
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In July 1787, Tipu Sultan sent a new embassy directly to Paris, formed of three ambassadors Mohammed Dervich Khan, Akbar Ali Khan and Mohammad Osman Khan, w9th a French trader from Pondicherry, M. Monneron.
Here you can see Indian delegation in Paris.
#TipuSultan
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Gathering of both Hindu and Muslim population with their priests at Bijapur Tomb - 1900.
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The Indian Uprising of 1857: Two comparative photographs of the same location but taken at different times. You can see whole populations were ejected from their houses, and their houses were demolished. What is left is a piece of barren land. Below is an account from
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Two different portraits of
#aurangzeb
. One by a contemporary Indian artist another by an European artist published century later in Crabb’s historical dictionary. Is it right to say how the image is distorted so the biography of one of the great Mughal?
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Wall of the Wazir Khan Mosque - Lahore.
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On the 4th of May 1799 the British army assembled around the fort of Seringapatnam, capital of the Kingdom of Mysore. The British army was supported by Nizam and Maratha infantry. The French intelligence, an ally of Tipu gave him a tip of 'an eminent British attack',
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On 26 April 2023 a sword of
#tipusultan
has been auctioned by Sotheby’s London.Estimated price was
£ 200,000 - 300,000.However it was sold for the price of £ 1,197,500. The auction had
#Tipu
quotes: ‘I would rather live two days as a tiger, than two hundred years as a sheep.’
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Hakim Ajmal Khan: The first Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia - Delhi, once sold his diamond ring to pay due salaries to the teachers of Jamia.
(Photo is from our personal archive)
#hakimajmalkhan
#jamiamilliaislamia
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Sirat-un-Nabi (Life of the Prophet) was written in Urdu by Shibli Nomani and his student, Sulaiman Nadvi in 7 volumes. The work started with the financial assistance of the late Nawab Sultana Jehan Begum of Bhopal and later through the aid of Nizam of Hyderabad.
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Zeenat Mahal - Wife of Bahadur Shah Zafar.
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We are celebrating 60,000 likes on our Facebook page - ‘History of Indian Subcontinent’
Many thanks to our followers.
Our posts are educational, we present historical facts from the past after a thorough research to creat an amicable environment and positivity in our society.
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Tipu Sultan Mosque, Kolkata - Dhurrumtollah Street. The mosque was built by Prince Ghulam Muhammad, 11th and the youngest son of Tipu Sultan. Mosque opened in 1842, design is a mixture of both Islamic and European style
French News magazine of 1880s
#TipuSultanMosque
#Kolkatta
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Mahboob Ali Khan Siddiqi, 6th Nizam of Hyderabad. He was a keen hunter, killing at least 30 tigers.
He claimed to possess a healing power against snakebites. Anyone who had a snake bite, approached him. He was awakened from his sleep a number of times to cure people of snakebites
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“Aurangzeb was magnificent in his public appearances, simple in his private habits, diligent in business, exact in his religious observances, an elegant letter writer and ever ready with choice passages from Koran”
From ‘A brief history of the Indian peoples, W.W.Hunter p. 150.
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1. The Tipu's tiger is a life-size wooden semi-automated musical machine. The tiger is shown mauling an English soldier lying on the ground. This musical organ has an operating handle, moving the handle makes noise of dying moans and simultaneously...
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Indian Mutiny and Mirza Assad Allah Khan Ghalib:
Having survived the terrible grief of losing seven children during their infancy and mentally unstable brother, the greatest poet of the Urdu language was to suffer yet more grief.
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Jama Masjid - Delhi.
A view from Chawdi Bazaar.
Year - 1858
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1. The North gate of Jama Masjid and the war of 1857:
‘One part of the army was under Sir Thomas Metcalfe. He knew Delhi very well as he had been working there previously as a Collector and as a Magistrate. He guided the force under him through the back alleyways well away from
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When Raja Ram Mohan Roy was demanding the English language and modern education, the Muslim ulema, by means of 8,000 signatures, proclaimed that the new infidel education was not needed; teaching Farsi and Arabic was enough. Sir Syed realised the mistakes on the side of Ulema.
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“Democracy is in the blood of the Muslims, who look upon complete equality of mankind, and believe in fraternity, equality, and liberty.”
― Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Mr. Jinnah with his followers and supporters.
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1. Badshahi Masjid (Alamgiri Masjid) Lahore was commissioned by Aurangzeb, completed in the year 1673. It has 4 minarets and 1 entrance.
2. Jama Masjid (Falaknuma Masjid) Delhi was commissioned by Shahjahan, completed in the year 1656. It has 2 minarets and 3 entrances.
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An Afghan with a sword 🗡️ and a shield 🛡️ against the British Highlander trying to shoot him with his revolver.
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Dagger of Aurangzeb Alamgir. It is written ‘Khanjar Baadshah Alamgir’
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The fight at Jama Masjid - Delhi 1857: by Khwaja Hasan Nizami. (The agony of Delhi)
‘At this time there were thousands of Muslims praying their Juma Prayers at the Jama Masjid. They realised that the British were attempting to blow up the Mosque with gunpowder.
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Waist coat of
#Aurangzeb
, inscribed- Kalma ‘There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is messenger of Allah’; Shahanshah Aurangzeb Alamgir. From National Museum-Delhi.
Mughal kingship had long been guided by the Persian expression ‘Ya takht ya tabu’ (either the throne or the grave)
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In the year 1644, Aurangzeb's sister, Husnara Begum, died in a fire. It was a moment of shock for Shahjahan. He called all of his sons to the capital to mourn their sister's death. Aurangzeb took three weeks to return home from Deccan, which made Shah Jahan very angry.
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Beautiful Islamic motifs around the niche on the wall of Bada Gumbad Mosque - Lodi Garden Delhi. (India).
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Comparision of two mosques: Badshahi Masjid-Lahore was commissioned by Aurangzeb; was completed in 1673. Badshahi Masjid has four minarets and one entrance.
Jama Masjid-Delhi was commissioned by Shahjahan; completed in 1656. Jama Masjid has two minarets and three entrances.
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The Sword of Mughal emperor Akbar the great( 1560 )
Jodhpur ( Rajastan / India ). Meranghar Fort Museum.
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Waist coat of
#Aurangzeb
, inscribed - Kalma ‘There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is messenger of Allah’; Shahanshah Aurangzeb Alamgir’. Image is from the National Museum-Delhi.
‘Mughal kingship had long been guided by the blunt Persian
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‘One of the very first Indian words to enter the English language was the Hindustani slang for plunder: “loot”. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, this word was rarely heard outside the plains of north India until the late 18th century, when it suddenly
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Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-1898) was the founder of the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875. Later in 1920 the institute became Aligarh Muslim University. Here you can see Jama Masjid of the University in the centre. From our archival collection of hardcopy.
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A modern painting of Badshahi Mosque - Lahore.
Painter’s name at the left lower corner.
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Nasrul Min Allah-e-Fathan Qareeb (Help from Allah and a victory near at hand) Aalijah Zaighame Hind, Sultan Fateh Ali Khan Tipu. (The Lord is My God, Lion of India, Victorious Sultan Ali Khan Tipu.)
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Tipu Sultan was born on 20 November 1750 (Friday, 20th Dhu al-Hijjah, 1163 AH) at Devanahalli, in present-day Bangalore Rural district, about 33 km (21 mi) north of Bangalore city. He was named "Tipu Sultan" after the saint Tipu Mastan Aulia of Arcot.
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Taj Mahal: an aerial view of the river Jamuna and the Taj Mahal.
c. 1960s
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This painting shows a woman from Dagestan standing without her head covering, holding her scarf in her hand. She is standing between two heavily armed rival groups of men. The men have turned their face away from the woman. This was often the tradition in Caucasus in order to
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An aerial view of Taj Mahal - 1940s.
Quiz- Why the Taj Mahal is considered to be one of the most photographed monuments of the Indian subcontinent from the sky between 1940-45?
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A Kashmiri Coolie in Simla. An old postcard shows a strong resident of Kashmir carrying heavy weight on his back.
#kashmir
#kashmirimuslim
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British broke through the city walls,French Military advisers advised Tipu Sultan to escape from secret passages and live to fight another day but to their astonishment Tipu replied "One day of life as a Tiger is far better than thousand years of living as a Sheep"
#tipusultan
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Muslim funeral procession in India 1960s.
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Humayun Tomb - Delhi
The difference is obvious.
1860s vs 2020s
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Below are two seals of two great Mughals.
Babur’s seal is the only existing seal in the world. His name ‘Zaheer Uddin Mohammad Babur’ written in the centre.
In the centre of Aurganzeb’s seal we can read ‘Ghazi Badshaah Alamgir Mohiuddin Mohammad Abu Zafar.’
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Hand to hand fight between Mutineers and British East India Company Army at Chandni Chowk (Delhi), you can see Jama Masjid in the background.
Source: Illustrated Time, London 1857.
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An aerial view of Taj Mahal - 1940s.
Why the Taj Mahal is considered to be one of the most photographed monuments of the Indian subcontinent from the sky between 1940-45?
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Mohammad Ali Jauhar with his brother Shaukat Ali and friend Mukhtar Ansari.
Mohammad Ali Jauhar was attending the round table conference in London when he passed away on 4th of January 1931.
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Ibn Battuta, or ‘Abu Abd al-Lah Muhammad ibn Abd al-Lah l-Lawati t-Tangi ibn Batutah’ to give him his full name, visited India during the reign of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq in 1334.
He served as a judge in the court of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq;
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Below we are sharing a very rare photograph from our collection. It was taken on January 25th 1980 when Mohammad Ali prayed Juma prayer at Jama Masjid New Delhi. You can see him among enthusiastic crowd at the southern gate of Jama Masjid.
#MohammadAli
#JamaMasjidDelhi
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Four Mughal elders seated under a tree (Sheikh Husain Jami, Sheikh Husain Ajmeri, Sheikh Muhammad Mazandarani, and Sheikh Miyan Mir); bearded old men wearing turbans, seated in a half-circle on a terrace,
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Mir Barkat Ali Khan Siddique, also known as Mukarram Jah.
Born: 6th October 1933 in Hilafet Palace (France).
Died: 14th January 2023 (90 yrs) in Istanbul, (Turkey)
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Tipu, it is now clear, was one of the most innovative and far-sighted rulers of the pre-colonial period. He tried to warn other Indian rulers of the dangers of an increasingly arrogant and aggressive west. "Know you not the custom of the English?"
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Comparison of three mosques of the Subcontinent:
#JamaMasjid
- Delhi: commissioned by Shah Jahan and completed in 1656. The mosque has capacity of 25,000 people, consists of three domes, two 41 meter tall minarets, three main doors and central ablution tank.
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Aurangzeb's advice to his son. He consistently maintained a down-to-earth attitude and offered comparable guidance to his sons.
".........Ride slowly and gently but don't ride pompously and fast; because a thousand dead bodies are buried in the ground beneath your feet."
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Portrait of Arif Unnisa Begum - Wife of Jalal Uddin Mohammed Akbar Badshah, son of Mohammad Himayun Badshah.
Badshah of Jalundur's begum holding a sword and a shield. Gouache painting by an Indian painter.
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Mir Osman Ali Khan Bahadur (Asaf Jah - VII); Nizam Hyderabad with his ministers.
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The Chauburji which translates as 'four towers' is a monument in the city of Lahore, capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab. It was built in 1646 as a gateway to a large garden that existed in Mughal times.
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A colourised image of one of the fences of the Red Fort - Delhi.
Late 19th century.
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The sword of
#TipuSultan
#TippooSaheb
, as French called him, from the acquisition of the British Museum - London. Typical engraving of tiger stripes on the handle of the sword, ends with a tiger head.
#Mysore
#Mysoreswords
#TigerofMysore
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The Taj Mahal was adorned with more than 40 types of precious and semi-precious stones, including pearls, diamonds, emeralds, and sapphires, among others.
Most precious stones from the building were chiselled and looted by the British during their colonial rule over India.
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Naseer-ud-Din Humayun, son of the founder of the Mughal Empire, Babur succeeded him on 29th of December 1530. He ruled India from 1530-40 & 1555-1556. He was a magnanimous and kind ruler and obeyed his father-Babur's will to treat his brothers well.
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Grave of Shams ud-Din Iltutmish, he was the third of the Mamluk kings & was the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi. Below is a mid 19th century image of grave of Iltutmish in the Qutub Complex - Delhi.
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Humayun tomb - Delhi
Felice Beato - late 1850s
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The Malik-e-Maidan (Lord of the Battlefield), is a 16th-century cannon located at Burj-e-Sherz (Lion Tower), Bijapur Fort, Bijapur, India. 4.45 metres (14.6 ft) in length and cast in bell metal, it is the largest surviving block of artillery from the mediaeval period.
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Sword and Dagger of Aurangzeb:
National Museum - Delhi (India).
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Taj Mahal - Agra
1950s German print.
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#Tamerlane
& the
#WWII
: Tamerlane, Turko-Mangol warrior, who ruled most of the Muslim world during 14th century. Timur (meaning `iron') was born in 1336 near the city of Kesh in Transoxiania. This historic Persian city is now known as Shahrisabz in modern day
#Uzbekistan
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The
#tajmahal
, Agra, from the north
. 1870s
Albumen silver print. The David Collection
Unknown photographer
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The Agra Fort (Qila Agra) is a mediaeval fort in the city of Agra, also known as the Red Fort. The Mughal Emperor Humayun was crowned in this fortress. It was later restored by Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1565, and the current construction was completed in 1573.
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A beautiful Mughal era inkwell adorned with islamic calligraphy.
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Jama Masjid - Delhi, early 20th century photograph.
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The last Roar: death of
#TipuSultan
#tigerofmysore
On the 4th of May 1799 the British army assembled around the fort of Seringapatnam, capital of the Kingdom of Mysore. The British army was supported by Nizam and Maratha infantry.
#TipuTheFanaticKing
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The East India Company Seal, dating between 1784-85, belonged to Colonel Gabriel Harper of the East India Company. Inscribed in Persian, the official language of the Mughal court, it describes him as a "lion of war" and a "servant" of the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.
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Two swords belong to contenders for the throne.
1. Dara Shikoh possesses a sword adorned with exquisite golden carvings that exude elegance and leave a lasting impression.
#Mughal
#Aurangzeb
#Darashikoh
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A detailed painting below shows Shahjahan seated on the throne with a shield adorned with birds of paradise in front of him. Dara Shikoh sits just behind his father; his eldest son virtually promised the succession.
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Famous Muslim leaders and scholars were born in 1870s in Indian subcontinent. Following are their names and fields of activism.
1. Abdullah Yusuf Ali: He was born in 1872 in Surat. He is a civil servant and famous for the translation of Holy Quran in English.
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Taj Mahal: one of the earliest photograph of the world famous monument in India, taken by British born Italian photographer Felice Beato in the year 1859.
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Jahangir's orbital' geneaological seal, with his name in the centre surrounded by the names of his ancestors up to Timur in eight smaller circles.
From a Firman, 1609.
Size: 54 mm
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